Transition probability |
Baseline risk of primary VTE (0–6 mo) | Time variant risk | Carrier et al. (10) |
Baseline risk of primary VTE (6 mo–5 yr) | Time variant risk | Blix et al. (14) |
Annual risk of primary VTE (> 5 yr), mean | 0.0001 | Alotaibi et al. (15) |
Six-month risk of major bleeding (0–5 yr) | 0.0109 ± 0.0063 | Carrier et al. (10) |
Annual risk of major bleeding (> 5 yr) | 0.0045 ± 0.0009 | Castellucci et al. (16) |
Six-month risk of CRNMB | 0.0509 ± 0.0133 | Carrier et al. (10) |
Monthly drug stoppage rate (unrelated to death, VTE or bleed) | 0.0590 | Carrier et al. (10) |
For cancer patients with a history of VTE, who are receiving treatment for secondary thromboprophylaxis |
Annual risk of CRNMB | 0.1709 ± 0.0167 | Raksob et al., (17) Ihaddadene et al. (18) |
Annual risk of major bleeding (non-ICH) | 0.0495 ± 0.0096 | Raksob et al., (17) Ihaddadene et al. (18) |
Six-month risk of ICH | 0.0036 ± 0.0026 | Roja-Hernandez et al., (19) Ihaddadene et al. (18) |
Annual risk of recurrent VTE | 0.1345 ± 0.0151 | Raksob et al. (17) |
Two-year risk of CTEPH | 0.0320 ± 0.0061 | Ende-Verhaar et al. (20) |
Two-year risk of PTS | 0.1270 ± 0.0168 | Kahn et al. (21) |
For cancer patients with a history of VTE, who are not receiving treatment for secondary thromboprophylaxis |
Six-month risk of CRNMB | 0.0509 ± 0.0133 | Carrier et al. (10) |
Six-month risk of major bleeding (non-ICH) | 0.0109 ± 0.0063 | Carrier et al. (10) |
Annual risk of ICH | 0.0003 ± 0.0001 | Sacco et al. (22) |
Annual risk of recurrent VTE | 0.0838 ± 0.0086 | Cohen et al. (23) |
Mortality |
Baseline age-adjusted mortality for general population | | Statistics Canada (24) |
Excess mortality due to cancer, hazard ratio | 10.97 | Canadian Cancer Society (25) |
Excess mortality due to VTE, mean (95% CI) | 2.20 (2.05 to 2.40) | Sorensen et al. (26) |
Excess mortality due to major bleeding, mean (95% CI) | 2.10 (1.60 to 2.90) | Nagata et al. (27) |
Excess mortality due to ICH, mean (95% CI) | 2.60 (2.09 to 3.24) | Gonzalez-Perez et al. (28) |
Excess mortality due to CTEPH, mean (95% CI) | 12.25 (10.27 to 14.31) | Delcroix et al. (29) |
Relative risk due to apixaban |
CRNMB, mean (95% CI) | 1.296 (0.663 to 2.533) | Carrier et al. (10) |
Major bleeding, mean (95% CI) | 1.960 (0.800 to 4.820) | Pooled from AVERT (10) and CASSINI (11) trials; Li et al. (30) |
VTE, mean (95% CI) | 0.143 (0.043 to 0.477) | Carrier et al. (10) |
Proportion of patients with ICH who have a major ICH | 0.50 | Murthy et al. (31) |
Proportion of patients who experience major bleeding and resume anticoagulation treatment | 0.00 | Li et al. (32) |
DVT and PE management |
DVT length of stay, d; mean (95%CI) | 6.70 (5.00 to 8.00) | CADTH (33) |
DVT proportion managed as inpatient, mean (95%CI) | 0.19 (0.00 to 0.40) | CADTH (33) |
PE length of stay, d; mean (95%CI) | 7.80 (6.00 to 9.00) | CADTH (33) |
PE proportion managed as inpatient, mean (95%CI) | 0.67 (0.30 to 0.75) | CADTH (33) |
Cost, $ |
CRNMB treatment | 383 ± 122 | CADTH (33) |
Major bleeding treatment (non-ICH) | 9191 ± 2424 | MOHLTC (34) (OSoB), MOHLTC (35) (OCCI) |
ICH, mean ± SD | 16 962 ± 16 705 | Specogna et al. (36) |
Post-ICH | 756 ± 25% of base case | CADTH, (33) Goeree et al. (37) |
CTEPH treatment | 91 412 ± 25% of base case | CADTH, (33) Delcroix et al. (38) |
Post-CTEPH management | 140 ± 25% of base case | CADTH (33) |
PTS treatment | 8181 ± 25% of base case | CADTH, (33) Caprini et al. (39) |
Post-PTS management | 299 ± 25% of base case | CADTH, (33) Caprini et al. (39) |
Primary VTE treatment |
DVT outpatient | 759 | CADTH, (33) MOHLTC (OSoB), (34) MOHLTC (35) (OCCI) |
DVT per inpatient day, mean (95%CI) | 1558 (1000 to 1947) | MOHLTC (35) (OCCI) |
PE outpatient | 1551 | CADTH, (33) MOHLTC (OSoB), (34) MOHLTC (35) (OCCI) |
PE per inpatient day, mean (95%CI) | 1655 (1000 to 2563) | MOHLTC (35) (OCCI) |
Medication — LMWH | 1221.58 | MOHLTC (38) (ODBF) |
Medication — DOAC | 274.60 | MOHLTC (38) (ODBF) |
Recurrent VTE treatment | 8083 | † |
Post VTE management — LMWH | 937 ± 25% of base case | MOHLTC (34) (OSoB), Dranitsaris et al., (40) MOHLTC (38) (ODBF) |
Post VTE management — DOAC | 144 ± 25% of base case | MOHLTC (34) (OSoB), MOHLTC (38) (ODBF) |
Apixaban per month | 98.02 | MOHLTC (38) (ODBF) |
Utility value |
Baseline health utility value for patients with cancer | 0.824 ± 0.045 | Sullivan et al., (41) McCarter et al., (42) Allareddy et al., (43) Best et al., (44) Curran et al., (45) Doyle et al., (46) Fosså et al., (47) Uyl-de Groot et al., (48) Jewell et al., (49) Krahn et al., (50) Kulkarni et al., (51) Papaioannou et al., (52) Pelligra et al., (53) Rogers et al., (54) Romanus et al., (55) Shiroiwa et al., (56) Stewart et al. (57) |
Disutility: primary or recurrent VTE | 0.142 ± 0.022 | Hogg et al. (58) |
Disutility: CRNMB | 0.013 ± 0.003 | Sullivan et al. (41) |
Disutility: MB (non-ICH) | 0.270 ± 0.024 | Hogg et al. (58) |
Disutility: major ICH | 0.770 ± 0.166 | Hogg et al. (58) |
Disutility: minor ICH | 0.170 ± 0.094 | Hogg et al. (58) |
Disutility: ICH (weighted average of major and minor ICH) | 0.470 ± 0.130 | Hogg et al. (58) |
Utility: Post ICH | 0.150 ± 0.166 | Hogg et al. (58) |
Disutility: CTEPH | 0.360 ± 0.016 | CADTH, (33) Meads et al. (59) |
Utility: Post CTEPH | 0.560 ± 0.016 | CADTH, (33) Meads et al. (59) |
Disutility: PTS | 0.050 ± 0.022 | Li et al., (32) Lenert et al. (60) |
Utility: Post PTS state | 0.774 ± 0.045 | Lenert et al. (60) |