Supervie et al., 2014 (21) |
PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science (up to Aug. 2, 2013) IAS conference (2001–2013), CROI (1993–2013) and IAC (1985–2012) Reference lists of included articles
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples | Primarily lower-middle– and upper-middle–income countries (2 studies with sites in high-income countries) | RCT, retrospective and prospective cohorts | Bayesian modelling to develop per-act risk of HIV transmission when the partner with HIV is on ART for more than 6 mo. | 7 | Studies had to include information on viral load of partner on ART, condom use and sexual activity. |
Patel et al., 2014 (8) |
Primary literature search via MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Global Health and Cochrane Library (January 2008 to February 2012) Effect modifier search via PubMed (January 2008 to May 2013) 2005 CDC summary, 2011 British PrEP Guidelines
| Serodiscordant heterosexual and MSM couples | Low-, lower-middle–, upper-middle– and high-income countries | Systematic review and meta-analysis, prospective cohort, cross-sectional | Transmission risk with ART and/or condoms calculated by multiplying unprotected risk estimates by relative risk reductions of 96% (ART), 80% (condoms) or 99.2% (ART and condoms). | 2 | Estimates for transmission risk with ART and condoms derived from Cohen et al. (assumed 96% risk reduction), (40) and Weller and Davis (80% risk reduction), (7) respectively. |
Loutfy et al., 2013 (6) |
MEDLINE (January 1950 to November 2012), Embase (January 1980 to November 2012), CINAHL (January 1980 to November 2012) and Web of Science (January 2004 to November 2012) CROI (2008–2011), IAC (2008–2010), IAS conference (2009–2011) Unspecified journals (June 2010 to November 2012)
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples | Primarily lower-middle– and upper-middle–income countries (2 studies with sites in high-income countries) | For undetectable VL: retrospective and prospective cohorts, cross-sectional For unconfirmed VL: RCT, 2 prospective cohorts | Fixed-effects Poisson regression model to develop summary statistics for the effect of ART use stratified by confirmed undetectable VL and unconfirmed undetectable VL. | 7 | Identified studies did not provide enough data on same-sex couples to generate risk estimates. Insufficient evidence to develop estimates for exclusively condomless sex (condom use high in most studies) or for various sexual acts. |
Anglemyer et al., 2013 (38) |
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and LILACS (January 1987 to August 2012) British HIV/AIDS Association conference (2001–2008), CROI (1994–2008), European AIDS Society conference (2001, 2003), IAS conference (2001–2005), IAC (1985–2004), US National HIV Prevention Conference (1999, 2003, 2005) Reference lists of included studies
| Serodiscordant couples (most were heterosexual) | Primarily lower-middle– and upper-middle–income countries (3 studies with sites in high-income countries) | RCT, prospective and retrospective cohorts | Summary rate ratios across studies used to calculate absolute incidence rates for ART use based on baseline incidence in control group. | 9 | Risks stratified based on linked and unlinked HIV transmissions, and by CD4 cell count subgroups. Unable to estimate levels of ART use (i.e., adherence) or prevalence of condom use. |
Baggaley et al., 2013 (36) |
PubMed, Science Direct and NLM Gateway (up to July 2011) IAS and ISSTR conferences, and CROI (2010, 2011) Bibliographies of included studies
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples | Primarily low- and lower-middle–income countries (1 study with site in high-income country) | For studies including a no ART arm: RCT, prospective cohort For studies with no comparison group with respect to ART use: prospective cohort | Random-effects Poisson regression model for summary statistics of risk with ART use, stratified by setting (high v. low-middle income). No summary statistics calculated for studies with no comparison group. | 3 | Separate analyses for studies with a comparator (no ART) group and for those with no comparison group. Studies with no comparison group had a variety of reported ART use levels. |
Baggaley et al., 2010 (37) |
PubMed, Science Direct and NLM Gateway (up to September 2008) as reported in Boily et al. (35) Bibliographies of included studies
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples and MSM, and individuals at risk of HIV | Low-, lower-middle–, upper-middle –and high-income countries Low-income countries were used to derive the ART risk estimate. | Prospective and retrospective cohorts | Two models used to estimate risk with successful ART (resulting in viral suppression) | 3 | Estimates for ART based on 2 models derived from single studies of heterosexual transmission in Uganda and Zambia. (41), (42) |
Attia et al., 2009 (39) |
MEDLINE, Embase (January 1996 to February 2009) IAS conference (2001–2008), CROI (1997–2009)
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples | Primarily low- and upper-middle–income (3 studies with sites in high-income countries) | Prospective cohort | Random-effects Poisson regression for effect of ART and viral load | 4 | Stratified by ART, no ART and ART at various VLs. Authors were unable to control for condom use. |
Boily et al., 2009 (35) |
Science Direct and NLM Gateway (up to September 2006) PubMed (up to September 2008) Bibliographies of relevant articles
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples including sex workers and their clients and individuals at risk of HIV | Low-, lower-middle–, upper-middle–and high-income countries | Prospective and retrospective cohorts, cross-sectional | Univariate meta-regression for condom effectiveness | 5 | Control versus no control for condom use. Condom use was considered controlled for if any attempt was made to account for frequent condom use or if condom use was very low. |
Powers et al., 2008 (32) |
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples and individuals at risk of HIV | Low-, lower-middle–, upper-middle–and high-income countries | Prospective cohort, cross-sectional | Univariate meta-regression for condom effectiveness | 3 | Compared “some” condom use with “rare” condom use or adjusted for condom use |
Weller and Davis, 2002 (7) |
AIDSLINE (1980 to June 2000), CINAHL (1982 to March 2000), Embase (1974 to June 2000) and MEDLINE (1966 to July 2000) Review was declared stable on Jan. 24, 2012, with evidence described as “conclusive.” Review will no longer be updated.
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples | Low-, lower-middle– and high-income countries | Prospective and retrospective cohorts, case study | Summary statistic for condom effectiveness | 4 | Compared “never” condom use to “always” condom use as reported in the included studies |
Liu et al., 2014 (33) |
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples | Upper-middle–income country | Prospective cohort | Random-effects Poisson regression models to produce pooled estimates of HIV incidence on ART and with condom use. | 3 | On ART compared with no ART and “consistent” condom use compared with inconsistent condom use (based on self-report) |
Cambiano et al., 2013 (34) |
Web of Science, MEDLINE, BIOSIS Citation Index, BIOSIS Previews and Journal Citation Report (2006 and November 2013) Bibliographies of included articles and studies known to authors
| Serodiscordant heterosexual couples | Low-, lower-middle–, upper-middle– and high-income countries | Systematic review and meta-analysis, RCT, prospective and retrospective cohorts, cross-sectional, mathematical model | Narrative synthesis of various HIV transmission risk and incidence estimates for ART use for various acts | 2 | No direct evidence for HIV transmission risk for MSM was available. Cites other reviews identified in this overview. (6), (36), (38), (39) |