Research
Open Access
Characteristics of primary care practices by proportion of patients unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2: a cross-sectional cohort study
Jennifer Shuldiner, Michael E. Green, Tara Kiran, Shahriar Khan, Eliot Frymire, Rahim Moineddin, Meghan Kerr, Mina Tadrous, Dominik Alex Nowak, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Jia Hu, Holly O. Witteman, Bryn Hamilton, Isaac Bogoch, Lydia-Joy Marshall, Sophia Ikura, Stacey Bar-Ziv, David Kaplan and Noah Ivers
CMAJ April 08, 2024 196 (13) E432-E440; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.230816
Jennifer Shuldiner
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
PhDMichael E. Green
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDTara Kiran
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDShahriar Khan
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MAEliot Frymire
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MARahim Moineddin
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
PhDMeghan Kerr
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDMina Tadrous
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
PhDDominik Alex Nowak
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDJeffrey C. Kwong
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDJia Hu
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDHolly O. Witteman
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
PhDBryn Hamilton
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Isaac Bogoch
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDLydia-Joy Marshall
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MScSophia Ikura
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MPAStacey Bar-Ziv
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
PhDDavid Kaplan
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDNoah Ivers
Women’s College Hospital Institute of Virtual Care and Systems Solutions (Shuldiner, Tadrous, Ivers), Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Green, Kerr), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; ICES (Green, Khan, Moineddin, Tadrous, Kwong, Ivers); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Kiran, Nowak, Kwong), University of Toronto; St. Michael’s Hospital (Kiran), Unity Health Toronto; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Kiran), St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (Frymire), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy (Tadrous), and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Nowak), University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital Academic Family Health Team (Nowak), Women’s College Hospital; Public Health Ontario (Kwong); University Health Network (Kwong), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Community Health Sciences (Hu), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health (Witteman); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine (Witteman), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; Association of Family Health Teams of Ontario (Hamilton); Department of Medicine (Bogoch), University of Toronto; Health Commons Solutions Labs Ontario (Marshall, Ikura); Ontario Health (Bar-Ziv, Kaplan); Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Ivers), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD PhDData supplements
Online appendices
- Appendix 1: Explanation of physician payment models and Ontario's Patient Enrollment Model
- Appendix 2: Two random effects logistic models describing the association between characteristics of patients and physicians being unvaccinated, within the top 10% group, the other 90%
- Appendix 3: Sensitivity analysis
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Characteristics of primary care practices by proportion of patients unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2: a cross-sectional cohort study
Jennifer Shuldiner, Michael E. Green, Tara Kiran, Shahriar Khan, Eliot Frymire, Rahim Moineddin, Meghan Kerr, Mina Tadrous, Dominik Alex Nowak, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Jia Hu, Holly O. Witteman, Bryn Hamilton, Isaac Bogoch, Lydia-Joy Marshall, Sophia Ikura, Stacey Bar-Ziv, David Kaplan, Noah Ivers
CMAJ Apr 2024, 196 (13) E432-E440; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230816
Characteristics of primary care practices by proportion of patients unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2: a cross-sectional cohort study
Jennifer Shuldiner, Michael E. Green, Tara Kiran, Shahriar Khan, Eliot Frymire, Rahim Moineddin, Meghan Kerr, Mina Tadrous, Dominik Alex Nowak, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Jia Hu, Holly O. Witteman, Bryn Hamilton, Isaac Bogoch, Lydia-Joy Marshall, Sophia Ikura, Stacey Bar-Ziv, David Kaplan, Noah Ivers
CMAJ Apr 2024, 196 (13) E432-E440; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230816
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