Figure 1:
The acute phase response. An inflammatory stimulus results in activation of monocytes and macrophages that release cytokines. The cytokines act on the liver to stimulate production of acute phase proteins. Cytokines, together with acute phase proteins, generate a systemic response, with neuroendocrine, metabolic, hematologic and biochemical changes. Features of the acute phase response that have been directly observed and measured in neuroleptic malignant syndrome are shown in boxes. Note: ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone, CPK = creatine phosphokinase, CRH = corticotropin-releasing hormone, CRP = C-reactive protein, IFN = interferon, IL = interleukin, TGF = transforming growth factor, TNF = tumour necrosis factor. (Portions of this illustration were reproduced with permission from Lianne Friesen and Nicholas Woolridge.)
Jeffrey Charles