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Snow Avalanche Hazard in Canada – a Review

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Abstract

Snow avalanches affect recreation, transportation, resource industries and property. During the 1990s an average of 12.5 persons per year were killed in avalanches in Canada. The snow avalanche hazard has affected people and facilities in B.C, Alberta, Yukon, NWT, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland. Avalanche risk may be voluntary, for example skiing and snowmobiling, or involuntary, for example public transportation corridors. A worst-case avalanche scenario is most likely to occur in the Western Cordillera, resulting from a single large-scale weather pattern, where a cold period resulting in the development of a weak layer in the snowpack is followed by a series of major mid-winter storms. Emergency preparedness for avalanches is most advanced in western Canada. New education and information initiatives in Quebec and Newfoundland are aimed at improving preparedness there. Current research is focused on avalanche forecasting, weather forecasting for avalanche prediction, avalanche failure characteristics, forestry and avalanches and geomorphology and avalanches. An important area of future research is the impact of climate change on avalanches, particularly in northern Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chris Stethem and Associates Ltd., 120 McNeill, Canmore, AB, Canada, T1W 2R8 phone

    Chris Stethem

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4, Canada, E-mail

    Bruce Jamieson & Peter Schaerer

  3. Department of Mines and Energy, Newfoundland Geological Survey, P.O. Box 8700, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, A1B 4J6, Canada, E-mail

    David Liverman

  4. Module de Geographic, Université du Québec a Rimouski 300, alle des Ursulines, CP 3000, Rimouski, PQ, Canada, G5L 3A1, Canada, E-mail

    Daniel Germain

  5. Snow Avalanche Program, British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Highways, 4C-940 Blanshard Street, P.O. Box 9850, Victoria, BC, Canada, 8W 9T5, Canada, E-mail

    Simon Walker

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Stethem, C., Jamieson, B., Schaerer, P. et al. Snow Avalanche Hazard in Canada – a Review. Natural Hazards 28, 487–515 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022998512227

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