Background: Most patients with type 2 diabetes have, in addition to their hyperglycemia, a
myriad of other metabolic and vascular abnormalities associated with insulin resistance …

OBJECTIVE—The PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events
(PROactive) assesses the effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor …

Aims: The aim of the PROactive Study was to determine whether pioglitazone reduced
macrovascular morbidity and mortality in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods …

BACKGROUND: Composite end points of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs)
are standard measures for comparing treatment in large cardiovascular outcome studies …

Background Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk of fatal and non-fatal myocardial
infarction and stroke. There is indirect evidence that agonists of peroxisome proliferator …

Aims/purpose Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, is an oral insulin sensitiser which activates
PPAR-γ. Several studies suggest that pioglitazone may confer clinical benefits beyond blood …

CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and evidence of macrovascular disease,
pioglitazone did not reduce the primary or preplanned secondary composite endpoints …

Patients with type 2 diabetes face an increased risk of macrovascular disease compared to
those without. Significant reductions in the risk of major cardiovascular events can be …

Background and Purpose—Diabetes is an important risk factor for stroke. We conducted
analyses in patients who had entered the PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In …

ContextPioglitazone is widely used for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus, but evidence is mixed regarding the influence of medications of this class on …