Background: Historically, children have been undertreated for their pain, and they continue
to undergo painful cutaneous procedures without analgesics. A new topical anesthetic …

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative efficacy of lidocaine—prilocaine and tetracaine for
procedural pain in children. METHODS: Systematic review was performed (MEDLINE 1990 …

Background: Commonly used classes of topical anesthetics require 30 to 60 minutes to
provide effective anesthesia. A new low-dose lidocaine iontophoresis system (LDLIS) may …

Topical local anesthetics in one form or another have been used for the past 20 years to
alleviate the skin pain associated with needle puncture and venous cannulation in children …

Objectives. Children view needle sticks as the worst source of pain and fear in the hospital
setting. In an effort to minimize the pain of needle sticks, the use of eutectic mixture of …

Background Lidocaine administration produces pain due to its acidic pH. Objectives The
objective of this review was to determine if adjusting the pH of lidocaine had any effect on …

Objective. A double-randomized, blinded crossover trial was performed to assess the
efficacy of ELA-Max (4% liposomal lidocaine) as compared with eutectic mixture of local …

Since its introduction, eutectic lidocaine-prilocaine cream ('EMLA') 1 has been found to be
an effective topical anaesthetic agent, with a high degree of efficacy, particularly for …

Pain during venipuncture is a major source of concern to children and their caretakers.
Iontophoresis is a novel technique that uses an electrical current to facilitate movement of …

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal configuration of an
investigational, single-use, needle-free, drug system (ALGRX 3268) that delivers powdered …