Fig. 1: Results of 4 hypothetical trials. For the medical condition under investigation, an
absolute risk reduction of 1%(double vertical rule) is the smallest benefit that patients would …

To the Editor The Viewpoint by Dr Young and colleagues discussed the interpretation of non–
statistically significant results from clinical trials. 1 The topic of statistical vs clinical …

© 2008 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. of 0.83 and 1.20 (1.00/0.83) can
be considered as “true negative,” ie, these results are consistent with no effect or no …

Figure 1 illustrates how lumping versus splitting affects the results of meta-analyses
assessing the effect of antihypertensive treatment at different blood pressure levels. If trials …

To the Editor The Viewpoint by Dr Young and colleagues discussed the interpretation of non–
statistically significant results from clinical trials. 1 The topic of statistical vs clinical …

In this section, we analyze the debate generated by the authors of the two preceding
sections. In the first section, Vachhrajani and colleagues discussed the methodology of RCT …

The field of medicine considers randomized-controlled trials, also known as “clinical trials,”
as the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of new treatments. These studies set up …

In the article by Lange et. al.(1), important aspects of real-world use are not mentioned.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for clinical trials in which the …

Prospective economic assessments of new pharmaceutical therapies are increasingly being
incorporated into phase III clinical trials. We report on the design of an economic evaluation …

Objective There is increasing interest in conducting “Real-World” trials that go beyond
traditional assessment of efficacy and safety to examine market access and value for money …