Background: Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are common worldwide, causing nutritional
rickets and osteomalacia, which have a major impact on health, growth, and development of …

Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D)< 50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL) is
common in Europe and the Middle East. It occurs in< 20% of the population in Northern …

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for bone health and may influence the risks of respiratory
illness, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and chronic diseases of adulthood. Because many …

Vitamin D is essential for calcium and bone homeostasis. Humans are largely dependent on
UVB-radiation-induced photosynthesis of vitamin D, as few foods contain vitamin D …

Vitamin D is an essential fat soluble vitamin and a key modulator of calcium metabolism in
children and adults. Because calcium demands increase in the third trimester of pregnancy …

Hypovitaminosis D in childhood is a re-emerging public health problem in developed
countries. New life style habits, current “epidemics” of obesity in children and adolescents …

Background: After weight loss, total energy expenditure—in particular, energy expenditure at
low levels of physical activity—is lower than predicted by actual changes in body weight and …

Rickets is a bone disease associated with abnormal serum calcium and phosphate levels.
The clinical presentation is heterogeneous and depends on the age of onset and …

Objectives To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and to examine whether 25-
hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration varies as a function of skin pigmentation, season …

During pregnancy and lactation, mothers require significant amounts of calcium to pass on
to the developing fetus and suckling neonate, respectively. Given the dependence of adult …