New findings obtained during the past years, especially the discovery of mutations in the
genes associated with brain iron metabolism, have provided key insights into the …

Within the last few years, knowledge about vitamins has increased dramatically. This new
edition of a bestseller presents comprehensive summaries that analyze the chemical …

Background Aspirin is widely used for secondary prevention after stroke. Cilostazol has
shown promise as an alternative to aspirin in Asian people with stroke. Objectives To …

Thoroughly revised and updated, Handbook of Vitamins highlights the recent research in
vitamins and gene expression, vitamin-dependent genes, and vitamin effect on DNA …

Panthothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN, OMIM 234200), is an inborn is
an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in …

The discovery of pantothenic acid followed the same path that led to the discovery of other
watersoluble vitamins evolving from studies utilizing bacteria and single-cell eukaryotic …

Mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PANK2) are the cause of pantothenate kinase
associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), an autosomal recessive (AR) disorder characterized …

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration is an autosomal-recessive disorder
associated with the accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia. The disease presents with …

Background Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is described as a brief episode of neurological
dysfunction caused by focal brain ischemia, with clinical symptoms typically lasting less than …

Hallervorden Spatz disease, also known as pantothenate kinase associated neuro-
degeneration, is a rare, progressive neurological disorder usually seen in first decade of life …