Background Despite a substantial prevention of neural tube defects with mandatory folic
acid (FA) fortification, a significant number of cases still exist in Alberta, Canada, particularly …

This study examined the effect of prenatal diagnosis and elective termination on the
prevalence of neural tube defects, oral clefts, abdominal wall defects, and chromosomal …

• We present characteristics of four major congenital neurologic malformations—
anencephaly, spina bifida, encephaloceles, and hydrocephalus—from a population of 763 …

We present data from the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations
(ECLAMC) on prevalence rates and etiologic factor associations in neural tube defects. Two …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) remain among the most common types of congenital anomalies,
although prevalence rates at birth of these defects have been declining in certain areas of …

Given the observed variation in birth prevalence and recurrence rates of neural tube defects,
it is important to obtain such data specific to a given locality for research and genetic …

Neural tube defects are congenital abnormalities caused by failure of the neural tube to
close during embryogenesis. We investigated trace elements (zinc, copper, manganese …

Congenital malformations are worldwide occurrences striking in every condition of society.
These severe physical abnormalities which are present at birth and affecting every part of …

Neural tube defects are thought to arise from two different embryologic mechanisms
depending on the level of the defect: neurulation defects associated with upper lesions …

We will first consider Tolarova's statements:“no positive relation between degree of liability
and fetal mortality has been found. There were also no differences, if the stillbirths were …