Introduction: Two classes of biologics, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and non-anti-TNF
targeted, are currently available for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Areas covered …

Tuberculosis, caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), kills over 1.6
million people each year despite availability of antibiotics. The increase in drug resistant Mtb …

The most common adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are gastritis,
peptic ulceration, and depression of renal function, all of which result primarily from …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli are difficult to eradicate since they exist in a spectrum of
replication states, from metabolically active,“rapid” replicators to nearly “dormant” …

Objective: Unusual clinical inflammatory syndromes associated with underlying previously
unrecognized opportunistic infections are increasingly being noted shortly after starting …

Eighty-two cases of active tuberculosis (TB) were diagnosed only at autopsy in patients
hospitalized in the Chaim Sheba Medical Center during a 21-year period (1960 to 1980) …

In 1980 and 1982 two case reports documented reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis in
patients who had used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A case-control study …

Host-directed therapies (HDTs) enhance the host response to tuberculosis (TB) infection to
reduce disease severity. For instance, the manipulation of lipid mediator production …

This chapter attempts to survey the rare adverse reactions caused by non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). I shall summarize all the reported reactions to NSAIDs (a …

The population at risk to serious side-effects of the NSAIDs is rapidly expanding by the aging
of the population. Eighty-five percent of randomly selected patients attending an …