Background Studies in Europe have suggested that injectable diacetylmorphine, the active
ingredient in heroin, can be an effective adjunctive treatment for chronic, relapsing opioid …

Importance Diacetylmorphine hydrochloride (the active ingredient in heroin), delivered under
supervision, is effective for the treatment of severe opioid use disorder. However, owing to …

Most of the estimated 125,000 injection drug users (IDUs) in Canada use illicit opioids and
are outside treatment (ie, methadone maintenance treatment). Empirical data suggest that …

Despite decades of experience treating heroin or prescription opioid dependence with
methadone or buprenorphine—two forms of opioid substitution therapy—gaps remain between …

BACKGROUND: The objective of this paper is to empirically determine a categorization of
illegal opioid users in Canada in order to describe and analyze drug use patterns within this …

Background: Although diacetylmorphine has been proven to be more effective than methadone
maintenance treatment for opioid dependence, its direct costs are higher. We compared …

Background: Drug overdose is a major cause of death and illness among illicit drug users.
Previous research has indicated that most illicit drug users experience nonfatal overdoses …

Objective: Extensive exposure to prescription-type opioids has resulted in major harm worldwide,
calling for better-adapted approaches to opioid agonist therapy. The authors aimed to …

The North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI) is a randomized controlled trial
evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in the Canadian …

Background and Aims Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health concern for
which no efficacious pharmacological interventions are available. Cannabidiol (CBD) has …