Background High plasma HDL cholesterol is associated with reduced risk of myocardial
infarction, but whether this association is causal is unclear. Exploiting the fact that genotypes are …

Objective To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as
an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. Design …

In pharmacoepidemiology, routinely collected data from electronic health records (including
primary care databases, registries, and administrative healthcare claims) are a resource for …

Background : Previous studies report that CHADS 2 and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc risk scores have
similar discriminating ability (C statistic ∼0.6). Recently a clinically based risk score, the …

Background & Aims More than 20% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
discontinue thiopurine therapy because of severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs); leukopenia is …

Background Statins increase the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to
assess whether this increase in risk is a consequence of inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl…

Measures of interaction on an additive scale (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI],
attributable proportion [AP], synergy index [S]), were developed for risk factors rather than …

To correct for confounding, the method of instrumental variables (IV) has been proposed. Its
use in medical literature is still rather limited because of unfamiliarity or inapplicability. By …

To identify genetic factors contributing to type 2 diabetes (T2D), we performed large-scale
meta-analyses by using a custom ∼50,000 SNP genotyping array (the ITMAT-Broad-CARe …

Background Despite increasing recognition of the value of real-world data (RWD), consensus
on the definition of RWD is lacking. Objectives To review definitions publicly available for …