Autophagy is emerging as a crucial defense mechanism against bacteria, but the host
intracellular sensors responsible for inducing autophagy in response to bacterial infection remain …

Background & Aims Helicobacter pylori infection is increasingly difficult to treat. The purpose
of these consensus statements is to provide a review of the literature and specific, updated …

Background: Because of the changing epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and low
efficacy of currently recommended therapies, an update of the European Society for …

… Sibylle Koletzko and Nicola Jones contributed equally to this article. … of the European group,
Sibylle Koletzko, in collaboration with Nicola Jones of the North American group, and the 2 …

Capsaicin, the active ingredient in chili, has been implicated as both a cytoprotective and a
detrimental agent to the gastric mucosa. The effect of capsaicin on Helicobacter pylori has …

Host cell responses to Helicobacter pylori infection are complex and incompletely understood.
Here, we report that autophagy is induced within human-derived gastric epithelial cells (…

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Helicobacter pylori toxin vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) promotes
gastric colonization, and its presence (VacA + ) is associated with more-severe disease. …

Recent evidence suggests that persistence of Helicobacter pylori can be explained, at least
in part, by the failure of macrophages to kill bacteria. The fate of type 1 H. pylori strain LC11, …

The peptidoglycan sensor Nod2 and the autophagy protein ATG16L1 have been linked to
Crohn's disease (CD). Although Nod2 and the related sensor, Nod1, direct ATG16L1 to initiate …

Probiotics are characterized by their ability to interact with commensal microflora in the
gastrointestinal tract to produce beneficial health effects. In vitro studies suggest that …