Objective Prior reports document macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration with proinflammatory
cytokine expression in pathologic intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues. Nevertheless, the role …

BACKGROUND: Spine surgery is complicated by an incidence of 1% to 9% of surgical site
infection (SSI). The most common organisms are gram-positive bacteria and are endogenous…

Epilepsy commonly develops among patients with brain tumors, frequently even as the
presenting symptom, and such patients consequently experience substantial morbidity from both …

Objective. To conduct a systematic review investigating the evidence of (1) efficacy, effectiveness,
and safety of nonoperative treatment of patients with cervical myelopathy;(2) whether …

Objective Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) has been evaluated for the intraarticular
treatment of osteoarthritis. Such administration of proteins may have limited utility because …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Cervical spine fusion is performed for various indications in
patient populations ranging from young and healthy to aged and frail. The choice of surgical …

Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) is a cytokine recently shown to be elevated, along with interferon‐γ (IFNγ)
and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), in degenerated and herniated intervertebral disc (IVD…

Study Design. Systematic review. Objective. The primary objectives of this review were to
compare the effectiveness and safety of various anterior cervical decompressive and …

OBJECT Decompression without fusion for degenerative lumbar stenosis is an effective
treatment for both the pain and disability of neurogenic claudication. Iatrogenic instability …

Objective We evaluate the perioperative morbidity of 43 patients undergoing minimally
invasive lumbar interbody fusion to differentiate risks between primary and revision surgery …