Objectives: The heterosexual spread of HIV-1 is occurring at different rates in different parts
of the world. The transmission probability of HIV-1 per sexual contact is low, but may be …

We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies of the risk of HIV-1
transmission per heterosexual contact. 43 publications comprising 25 different study …

Background Nonoxynol-9 (rINN, nonoxinol-9) is an over-the-counter spermicide that has in-vitro
anti-HIV-1 activity. Results of studies of its effectiveness in prevention of HIV-1 infection …

Background The WHO Director-General has issued a call for action to eliminate cervical
cancer as a public health problem. To help inform global efforts, we modelled potential human …

The control of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV-1, among sex workers and their
clients in urban areas in developing countries, is considered a valuable and cost-effective …

Background Women make up more than 50% of adults living with human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) infection or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in sub-Saharan …

… Gina Dallabetta, François Crabbé, and Michel Alary provided data and background
information on certain countries. They contributed to the redaction of the manuscript. Anne Buvé …

Background: The role of iatrogenic transmission within the HIV/AIDS pandemic remains
contentious. Estimates of the risk of HIV transmission from injections and blood transfusions are …

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for HIV and hepatitis C
virus (HCV) infection and also have high levels of homelessness and unstable housing. We …

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high prevalence of incarceration
and might be at high risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during or after …