The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system is implicated in the processing of the positive
reinforcing effect of all drugs of abuse, including nicotine. It has been suggested that the …

Convergent evidence suggests that amphetamine (AMPH) exerts its rewarding and locomotor
stimulating effects via release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. However, there is …

… Rats were housed in groups of two or three in a temperature- and humidity-controlled
environment on a 12-h/12-h light–dark cycle (lights on at 07:00 h). All experiments were approved …

… Animals do not spontaneously prefer either texture (LHL Sellings and PBS Clarke, unpublished
data), and all experiments were as fully counterbalanced as possible with respect to drug…

… for conditioned place preference (Sellings and Clarke, 2003). Briefly, test cages comprising
four vertical walls forming a rectangle (58 cm (L) 3 29 cm (W) 3 53 cm (H)) were placed on …

… an injection 1 h prior to conditioning in α-flupenthixol trials affected the preferences and
aversions to caffeine during conditioning, a group of mice was pretreated with saline 1 h prior to …

The authors investigated the effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on wheel-running behavior
in Balb/c mice. Naloxone delayed the acquisition of wheel-running behavior, but did not …

Insulin signaling plays a prominent role in regulation of dauer formation and longevity in
Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that insulin signaling also is required in benzaldehyde–…

… Animals were observed in both solitary and social conditions over short (1 h) and long (24
h… shavings, and maintained on a 12 h light/dark cycle (lights on 19:00–07:00 h) at 22–24 C. …

… 40 h after hatching (L4), peaked in worms 52 h after hatching (young adult), started to decline
72 h post hatching, and was virtually absent by 96 h after hatching (one-way anova: F 5,48 …