Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of premature death for women in
Canada. 1 Although it has long been recognized that estrogen impacts vascular responses in …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a manifestation of CVD and a marker for other adverse CVD …

Patients with widespread atherosclerosis such as peripheral artery disease (PAD) have a
high risk of cardiovascular and limb symptoms and complications, which affects their quality of …

Background— There remains limited insight into the pathophysiology and therapeutic
advances directed at improving prognosis for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is expressed in the kidney and may be a renoprotective
enzyme, since it converts angiotensin (Ang) II to Ang-(1-7). ACE2 has been detected …

States of estrogen imbalance or deprivation are associated with higher risks of hypertension
and cardiovascular disease in women; however, the effects of estrogen on hypertension are …

Despite cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the leading cause of death of women globally,
research on CVD over the past several decades has focused primarily on men. CVD …

Background The prognosis of cardiovascular disease is worse in women than men, and
coronary microvascular dysfunction explains the excess cardiovascular risk in women. In …

We conducted a search of PubMed for articles published in English between July 2008 and
July 2018. We used the Medical Subject Heading (MESH) terms “cardiovascular disease” …

… Author links open overlay panel Kajenny Srivaratharajah MSc, MD 1 , Beth L. Abramson
MD; MSc 2 , Jennifer Jairam MSc 3 , Alison L. Park MSc 4 , Howard Berger MD 5 , Joel G. …