Chylothorax is a rare condition that results from thoracic duct damage with chyle leakage
from the lymphatic system into the pleural space, usually on the right side. It has multiple …

In most diseases related to pleural effusion, the fluid analysis yields important diagnostic
information, and in certain cases, fluid analysis alone is enough for diagnosis. The many …

Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal progressive interstitial pneumonia.
The innate immune system provides a crucial function in the recognition of tissue injury and …

Novel therapeutics targeting neutrophilic inflammation are a major unmet clinical need in
acute and chronic inflammation. The timely induction of neutrophil apoptosis is critical for …

Neutrophil lifespan and function are regulated by hypoxia via components of the hypoxia
inducible factor (HIF)/von Hippel Lindau/hydroxylase pathway, including specific roles for HIF-…

OBJECTIVE: To describe a 10-year experience of inserting Ultraflex™ self-expanding metal
stents (SEMS) under sedation using flexible bronchoscopy for the treatment of malignant …

Bone metastases play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of patients with malignant
disease. Despite therapeutic advances in the treatment of solid organ malignancy such …

Background The death receptor ligand tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing
ligand (TRAIL) shows considerable clinical promise as a therapeutic agent. TRAIL induces …

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are resilient bacteria that grow in virtually any
environment, especially those where competing microorganisms are destroyed, such as in …

Discussion The answer is (d) lingua villosa nigra (also known as black hairy tongue). This
condition is benign and self-limiting, 1 and is characterized by an abnormal black coating on …