Background: Hyperkalemia increases risk of cardiac arrhythmias and death and limits the
use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor …

Background Higher serum urate levels are associated with an increased risk of diabetic kidney
disease. Lowering of the serum urate level with allopurinol may slow the decrease in the …

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of empagliflozin 10- and 25-mg doses plus a
unique lower dose (2.5 mg) as adjunct to intensified insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes (…

The mechanisms by which SGLT‐2 inhibitors lower albuminuria are incompletely understood.
We assessed in a post‐hoc analysis of a cross‐over trial the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor …

Metformin, the most widely prescribed medication for obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D),
lowers plasma glucose levels, food intake, and body weight in rodents and humans, but …

Evidence suggests that gender differences exist in renin-angiotensin system (RAS) function.
It was hypothesized that women may differ also in their response to RAS blockade. The …

Background Rapid glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline (>3 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) is an
increasingly recognized high-risk diabetic nephropathy (DN) phenotype in Type 1 diabetes. Rapid …

Aims/hypothesis Assessment of urinary extracellular vesicles including exosomes and
microparticles (MPs) is an emerging approach for non-invasive detection of renal injury. We have …

BACKGROUND: Regulatory agencies warn about the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) after
the initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Our objective was to …

Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of cardiovascular
and renal complications, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Intensive …