Pediatric heart failure (HF) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. This
article presents guidelines for the recognition, diagnosis, and early medical management of …

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD)
in children and young adults. Our objective was to develop and validate a SCD risk …

Background Continuous-flow (CF) ventricular assist devices (VADs) have largely replaced
pulsatile-flow VADs in adult patients. However, there are few data on CF VADs among …

Objective The HeartMate II (HMII; Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA) continuous-flow left ventricular
assist device (LVAD) is an established treatment modality for advanced heart failure in adults…

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has long been the sole means of mechanical
support for pediatric patients with end‐stage cardiac failure, but has a high waitlist …

Background Anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is associated
with high mortality if left uncorrected. We describe long-term outcomes after surgical repair …

Myocardial and pericardial diseases are uncommon problems in childhood that can present
as isolated diagnoses or as part of systemic diseases. Although they can have the same …

BACKGROUND The Berlin Heart EXCOR Pediatric (EXCOR) ventricular assist device (VAD)
was introduced in North America nearly 2 decades ago. The EXCOR was approved under …

Background Genetic defects in the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are an
important cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (RAS-HCM). Unlike primary HCM (P-HCM), …

Background Heart failure (HF) is a significant cause of mortality in children and therefore
there is interest in understanding the optimal way to support these children with Ventricular …