Background Recent concerns have been raised about the risk of gallbladder disease
associated with the use of drospirenone, a fourth-generation progestin used in oral …

Cholelithiasis is the most common form of benign gallbladder disease that results in major
heath expenditure. Female sex hormones are causally related to cholesterol gallstone …

Prior studies of the association between oral contraceptives (OCs) and gallbladder disease
(GBD) have yielded conflicting results. To clarify this association, a retrospective (historical) …

OBJECTIVES. This study was designed to assess the risk of gallbladder disease due to oral
contraceptive use by conducting a thorough literature review. METHODS. Controlled …

An analysis is described of 482 women with benign gallbladder disease (surgically
confirmed in 407) identified in the Oxford Family Planning Association contraceptive study …

Background. We evaluated the hypothesized transient effect of oral contraceptive use on the
occurrence of gallstone disease in a case–control study. Methods. The study comprised 82 …

Background Female gender and increasing age are key risk factors for gallstone disease;
therefore, postmenopausal women are at high risk. Estrogen increases cholesterol …

Objective: To examine the relation between oral contraceptives (OCs), body mass index
(BMI), weight change, alcohol use, parity, smoking, and symptomatic gallstones in women …

ContextEstrogen therapy is thought to promote gallstone formation and cholecystitis but
most data derive from observational studies rather than randomized trials. ObjectiveTo …

Objective To determine whether transdermal compared with oral use of hormone
replacement therapy reduces the risk of gallbladder disease in postmenopausal women …