Biological systems have similarities to efficient financial portfolios; the emergent properties
of aggregate systems are often less volatile than their components. These portfolio effects …

Resource tracking, where animals increase energy gain by moving to track phenological
variation in resources across space, is emerging as a fundamental attribute of animal …

Animal migrations act to couple ecosystems and are undertaken by some of the world’s most
endangered taxa. Predators often exploit migrant prey, but the movements taken by these …

Microplastic has been reported in every major open ocean and many freshwater lakes and
rivers. Its small size makes it bioavailable to thousands of species across nearly all trophic …

A common goal of biological adaptation planning is to identify and prioritize locations that
remain suitably cool during the summer. This implicitly devalues areas that are ephemerally …

Vertical heterogeneity in the physical characteristics of lakes and oceans is ecologically
salient and exploited by a wide range of taxa through diel vertical migration to enhance their …

Time can be a limiting constraint for consumers, particularly when resource phenology
mediates foraging opportunity. Though a large body of research has explored how resource …

… Armstrong is an mistant profmor of the Department of Zoology and Wildlve Science and
atension wildlve specialist at Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama. His interests include the …

Since their introduction to North America, wild pigs have become one of the more serious
wildlife problems in the United States. Conover (2002) opines that the vast majority of wildlife …

… Armstrong for comments on this manuscript. We also thank the following people for …
Jonathan Armstrong and Daniel Schindler have modelled the dynamics of food supply and …