Objective: To estimate the prevalence of anemia among First Nations children of northwestern Ontario.
Design: Retrospective review of all hemoglobin determinations between 1990 and 1992 in the Sioux Lookout Zone.
Setting: The Sioux Lookout Zone Hospital, a secondary care referral hospital for 28 remote First Nations communities in northwestern Ontario, affiliated with the University of Toronto's Sioux Lookout Program.
Participants: All First Nations children age 3 to 60 months who had produced venipuncture or fingerprick blood samples between 1990 and 1992 (614 children had a total of 1223 hemoglobin determinations).
Main outcome measures: Prevalence of anemia by age, sex, geographical location, and diagnosis. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin value less than 110g/L.
Results: Prevalence of anemia peaked in the age range of 6 to 24 months with prevalence rates of 51.7% to 79.3%. Conditions most commonly associated with anemia were respiratory tract infections. Children living in communities in the western part of the Sioux Lookout Zone were 1.64 times more likely to have anemia (95% confidence interval 1.15, 2.35) than children in the other communities.
Conclusions: Anemia appears to be a serious public health problem among preschool children in the Sioux Lookout Zone.