The paper is based on data obtained from a study of all new patients under six years of age, seeking consultation in a period of thirty months because of nursing-bottle syndrome. The information was obtained from questionnaires completed by the parents of the children. The children attended the Odontological Pediatric Service of the children's hospital in Nice, France. The syndrome affected 10.73 percent of the children under six years of age presenting to the service for consultation. Included in the discussion are the risk-prone family, the medical history and general state of health of the child at risk, feeding habits, oral hygiene, and use of fluorides.