Abstract
Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent which is most widely used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Metformin improves hyperglycemia by suppressing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in muscle. Metformin also has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in randomized controlled trials; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be established. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that metformin not only improves chronic inflammation through the improvement of metabolic parameters such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia, but also has a direct anti-inflammatory action. Studies have suggested that metformin suppresses inflammatory response by inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and independent pathways. This review summarizes the basic and clinical evidence of the anti-inflammatory action of metformin and discusses its clinical implication.
Keywords: AMPK, anti-inflammatory effect, biguanide, NFκB, type 2 diabetes.
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Metformin and Inflammation: Its Potential Beyond Glucose-lowering Effect
Volume: 15 Issue: 3
Author(s): Yoshifumi Saisho
Affiliation:
Keywords: AMPK, anti-inflammatory effect, biguanide, NFκB, type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent which is most widely used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. Metformin improves hyperglycemia by suppressing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in muscle. Metformin also has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in randomized controlled trials; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be established. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that metformin not only improves chronic inflammation through the improvement of metabolic parameters such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia, but also has a direct anti-inflammatory action. Studies have suggested that metformin suppresses inflammatory response by inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and independent pathways. This review summarizes the basic and clinical evidence of the anti-inflammatory action of metformin and discusses its clinical implication.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Saisho Yoshifumi, Metformin and Inflammation: Its Potential Beyond Glucose-lowering Effect, Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2015; 15 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530315666150316124019
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530315666150316124019 |
Print ISSN 1871-5303 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3873 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Myocardial Infarction. Pathological Relevance and Relationship with Coronary Risk Factors
Current Pharmaceutical Design ABC Transporters and Drug Resistance in Patients with Epilepsy
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Evaluation and Management of Adult-Onset Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Current Rheumatology Reviews Biologic Therapy in Immune Mediated Inflammatory Disease: Basic Science and Clinical Concepts
Current Drug Safety Giant Cell Arteritis – A Series of Cases and Review of Literature
Current Rheumatology Reviews Modulation of Eosinophil Functions by Nitric Oxide: Cyclic GMPdependent and -independent Mechanisms
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Is Targeting microRNAs the Philosopher’s Stone for Vascular Disease?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Editorial (Thematic Issue: The Thoracic Space: An Amazing Pandora’s Box!)
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Use and Safety of Calcium Channel Blockers in Obstetrics
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cardiac and Muscular Involvement in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Noninvasive Diagnostic Assessment and the Role of Cardiovascular and Skeletal Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Characterization of the Clinical and Laboratory Features of Primary and Secondary Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients
Current Rheumatology Reviews Helicobacter pylori Eradication Improves the Malnutrition, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Syndrome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Overview of Hyperuricaemia and Gout
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Adjunctive Therapies for the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Current Molecular Medicine Sigma-1 Receptors: Potential Targets for the Treatment of Substance Abuse
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Different Types of Diseases: A Review
Current Molecular Medicine Autoantibodies Among HIV-1 Infected Individuals and the Effect of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) on It
Current HIV Research Small-Molecule Chemokine Receptor Antagonists: Potential Targets for Inflammatory and Allergic Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Protein & Peptide Letters Skin Prick Test with Self-Saliva in Patients with Oral Aphthoses: A New Diagnostic Pathergy for Behcets Disease and Recurrent Aphthosis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued)