Abstract
Since a large proportion of U.S. women receive reproductive health care services each year, reproductive health care settings offer an important opportunity to reach women who may be at risk of or experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Although screening women for IPV in clinical health care settings has been endorsed by national professional associations and organizations, scientific evidence suggests that opportunities for screening in reproductive health care settings are often missed. This commentary outlines what is known about screening and intervention for IPV in clinical health care settings, and points out areas that need greater attention. The ultimate goal of these recommendations is to increase the involvement of reproductive health care services in sensitive, appropriate, and effective care for women who may be at risk of or affected by IPV.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Domestic violence. Tech Bull 1995;209:1B9.
American College of Nurse Midwives. Position statement on violence against women. Washington, DC: Author, 1995.
Helton AS. Protocol of care for the battered woman: Prevention of battering during pregnancy. White Plains, NY: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, 1994.
Children's Safety Network. Domestic violence: A directory of protocols for health care providers. Newton, MA: Education Development Center, 1992.
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. The role of the pediatrician in recognizing and intervening on behalf of abused women. Pediatrics 1998;101:1091–2.
American Medical Association. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines on domestic violence. Chicago: Author, 1992.
Rodriguez MA, Bauer HM, McLoughlin E, Grumbach K. Screening and intervention for intimate partner abuse: Practices and attitudes of primary care physicians. JAMA 1999;282:468–74.
Horan D, Chapin J, Klein L, Schmidt LA, Schulkin J. Domestic violence screening practices of obstetricians-gynecologists. Obst Gynecol 1998;92(5):785–9.
McGrath ME, Hogan JW, Peipert JF. A prevalence survey of abuse and screening for abuse in urgent care patients. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91(4):511–4.
Abma J, Chandra A, Mother W, Peterson L, Pyocyanin L. Fertility, family planning, and women's health: New data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 1997;23(19).
Greenfeld LA, Rand MR, Craven D, Klaus PA, Perkins CA, Ringel C, Warchol G, Maston C, Foz JA. Violence by intimates: Analysis of data on crimes by current or former spouses boyfriends, and girlfriends. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 1998.
Gazmararian JA, Lazorick S, Spitz A, Ballard TJ, Saltzman LE, Marks J S. Prevalence of violence against pregnant women. JAMA 1996;275:1915–20.
Plichta SB. Violence and abuse. Implications for women's health. In: Falik MM, Collins KS, editors. Women's health. The Commonwealth Fund Survey. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996:237–70.
Molina LD, Basinait-Smith C. Revisiting the intersection between domestic abuse and HIV risk [Letter to the Editor]. Am J Public Health 1998;88:1267–8.
Klein H, Chao BS. Sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence as predictors of HIV-related sexual risk during adulthood among female sexual partners of injection drug users. Violence Against Women 1995;1:55–76.
Plichta SB, Abraham C. Violence and gynecologic health in women <50 years old. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:903–7.
Walling MK, Reiter RC, O'Hara MW, Milburn AK, Lilly G, Vincent SD. Abuse history and chronic pain in women: I. Prevalences of sexual abuse and physical abuse. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84:193–9.
Domino JV, Haber JD. Prior physical and sexual abuse in women with chronic headache: Clinical correlates. Headache 1987;27:310–4.
Drossman DA, Leserman J, Nachman G, Li Z, Gluck H, Toomey TC, Mitchell CM. Sexual and physical abuse in women with functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:828–33.
Gazmararian JA, Adams MM, Saltzman LE, Johnson CH, Bruce FC, Marks JS, Zahniser SC. The PRAMS Working Group. The relationship between pregnancy intendedness and physical violence in mothers of newborns. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:1031–8.
Campbell JC, Pugh LC, Campbell D, Visscher M. The influence of abuse on pregnancy intention. Womens Health Issues 1995;5:214–23.
Evins G, Chescheir N. Prevalence of domestic violence among women seeking abortion services. Womens Health Issues 1996;6:204–10.
Glander SS, Moore ML, Michielutte R, Parsons LH. The prevalence of domestic violence among women seeking abortion. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91:1002–6.
Waalen J, Goodwin MM, Spitz AM, Petersen R, Saltzman LE. Screening for intimate partner violence by health care providers: A review of barriers and interventions. Am J Prev Med 2000: in press.
Freund KM, Bak SM, Blackhall L. Identifying domestic violence in primary care practice. JGen Intern Med 1996;11:44–6.
Wiist WH, McFarlane J. The effectiveness of an abuse assessment protocol in public health prenatal clinics. Am J Public Health 1999;89:1217–21.
Rodriguez MA, Bauer HM, McLoughlin E, Grumbach K. Screening and intervention for intimate partner abuse. Practices and attitudes of primary care physicians. JAMA 1999;282(5):468–74.
Mandel JB, Marcotte DB. Teaching family practice residents to identify and treat battered women. J Fam Pract 1983;17: 708–16.
Roberts GL, Raphael B, Lawrence JM, O'Toole B, O'Brien D. Impact of an education program about domestic violence on nurses and doctors in an Australian emergency department. J Emerg Nurs 1997;23:220–7.
Saunders DG, Kindy P. Predictors of physicians' responses to woman abuse: The role of gender, background, and brief training. J Gen Intern Med 1993;8:606–9.
Covington DL, Dalton VK, Diehl SJ, Wright BD, Piner MH. Improving detection of violence among pregnant adolescents. J Adolesc Health 1997;21:18–24.
Fanslow JL, Norton RN, Robinson EM, Spinola CG. Outcome evaluation of an emergency department protocol on care of partner abuse. AustNZ J Public Health 1998;22:78–83.
Harwell TS, Casten RJ, Armstrong KA, Dempsey S, Coons HL, Davis M. Evaluation Committee of the Philadelphia Family Violence Working Group. Results of a domestic violence training program offered to the staff of urban community health centers. Am J Prev Med 1998;15:235–42.
McLeer SV,Anwar RAH, Herman S, Maquiling K. Education is not enough: Asystems failure in protecting battered women. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18:651–3.
Olson L, Anctil C, Fullerton L, Brillman J, Arbuckle J, Sklar D. Increasing emergency physician recognition of domestic violence. Ann Emerg Med 1996;27:741–6.
Tilden VP, Shepherd P. Increasing the rate of identification of battered women in an emergency department: Use of a nursing protocol. Res Nurs Health 1987;10:209–15.
Gerbert B, Caspers N, Bronstone A, Moe J, Abercrombie P. A qualitative analysis of how physicians with expertise in domestic violence approach the identification of victims. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:578–84.
Warshaw C. Integrating routine inquiry about domestic violence into daily practice. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:619–20.
Rodriguez MA, Quiroga SS, Bauer HM. Breaking the silence: Battered women's perspectives on medical care. Arch Fam Med 1996;5:153–61.
Gerbert B, Johnston K, Caspers N. Experiences of battered women in health care settings: A qualitative study. Women Health 1996;24:1–7.
Caralis PV, Musialowski R. Women's experiences with domestic violence and their attitudes and expectations regarding medical care of abuse victims. South Med J 1997;90:1075–80.
McCauley J, Yurk RA, Jenckes M, Ford DE. Inside “Pandora's Box”: Abused women's experiences with clinicians and health services. Gen Intern Med 1998;13:549–55.
McNutt L, Carlson BE, Gagen D, Winterbauer N. Reproductive screening in primary care: Perspectives and experiences of patients and battered women. Am Med Womens Assoc 1999;54:85–90.
Campbell J, Battered women's experiences in the emergency department. Emerg Nurs 1994;20:280–8.
Parker B, McFarlane J, Soeken K, Silva C, Reel S. Testing an intervention to prevent further abuse to pregnant women. Res Nurs Health 1999;22:59–66.
Fortman KKJ, Bloom FB, Lardy BD, Rolnick SJ. Advancing women's health: Health plans' innovative programs in domestic violence. New York: American Association of Health Plans and The Commonwealth Fund, 1998.
Tjaden P, Thoennes N. Prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey. Research in brief. Atlanta, GA, and Washington, DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institute of Justice, 1998.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Parsons, L., Goodwin, M.M. & Petersen, R. Violence Against Women and Reproductive Health: Toward Defining a Role for Reproductive Health Care Services. Matern Child Health J 4, 135–140 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009578406219
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009578406219