INFECTIONS IN DIABETES
Section snippets
Innate Cellular Immunity
Several different immune deficits have been described in diabetics. Cell-mediated immunity seems to be most affected, with abnormalities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), monocytes, and lymphocytes reported. Numerous researchers have studied PMNLs in the past, reporting abnormalities of adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and intracellular killing. More recent studies confirm previous findings; Delamaire6 found significantly lower neutrophil chemotaxis among both Type I
Head and Neck Infections
There are two serious head and neck infections to which diabetics are predisposed: rhinocerebral mucormycosis and malignant (or necrotizing) otitis externa. Both infections are rare but potentially life threatening. Diabetics are also predisposed to oral thrush—which is much more common but not serious—and occasionally may develop esophageal candidiasis.
Approximately 50% to 75% of cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis occur in diabetic patients.34, 49 Ketoacidosis appears to be the most important
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