Elsevier

The Lancet

Volume 356, Issue 9235, 23 September 2000, Page 1088
The Lancet

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The “gender gap” in autoimmune disease

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)74535-9Get rights and content

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    Citation Excerpt :

    Higher serum levels of immunoglobulins after antigenic exposures, more frequent expression of autoantibodies and a more marked cell-mediated immunity after immunizations characterize the immune response of women [95,96]. Estrogens play an important role in immunologic behavior and high estrogen levels have been shown to inhibit a Th1 response and promote a Th2 response, favoring antibody production and antibody-dependent pathways. [95,96] ; low estrogen levels favor the Th1 response thus promoting cell-mediated pathways [90,95,96].

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