A model and research approach for studying the management of limited food resources by low income families

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Abstract

This small, intensive, inductive study was done with 20 households, in order to generate the hypotheses and methodological experience needed to pursue a larger deductive hypothesis-testing survey on the nutritional needs and food management strategies of low income families with young children. On the basis of this study, a model and a set of hypotheses about household food management strategies were proposed. The model contains the major conceptual categories identified in this study, as well as the dimension within each category that appeared to be most important in understanding differences in household management strategies. The hypotheses are proposed because of their potential to influence programming for this target group. The methods developed are appropriate for research on the nature of food management strategies, rather than research to assess the prevalence of food-related stress. This study suggests that a thorough understanding of the household context of food provisioning activities is essential for both nutritionists and for the families themselves if there is to be an improvement in the nutritional health of low income families and children. The results of this inductive study are not generalizable but are intended to further program-relevant research on this topic.

Resume

Cette modeste et intensive étude inductrice a été menée auprès de 20 familles dans le but de générer les hypothèses et la méthodologie nécessaires à la poursuite d'une enquête de plus grande envergure de type déductrice qui servira à tester des hypothèses sur les besoins nutritionnels et les strategies d'acquisition alimentaire des familles à faible revenu ayant de jeunes enfants. Sur la base de cette étude, un modèle et une série d'hypothèses sur les strategies d'acquisition alimentaire de la famille sont proposés. Le modèle contient les principales catégories conceptuelles identifiées dans cette étude ainsi que la dimension à l'intérieur de chaque catégorie qui apparaît la plus importante pour la compréhension des différences dans les stratégies d'acquisition alimentaire des familles. Les hypothèses sont proposées à cause de leur potentiel à influencer la planification de programmes dirigés vers ce groupe cible. Les méthodes développées conviennent à une recherche sur la nature des stratégies d'acquisition alimentaire plutôt qu'à une recherche qui aurait pour but d'évaleur la prévalence du stress alimentaire. Cette étude suggère qu'une évaluation détaillée du contexte familial est essentielle autant pour les nutritionnistes que pour les familles elles-mêmes s'il doit y avoir une amélioration de la santé nutritionnelle des familles à faible revenu et de celle de leurs enfants. Les résultats de cette étude inductrice ne peuvent être généralisés mais ils ont pour but de faire avancer la recherche de type “programme” dans ce domaine.

Resumen

Este pequeño estudio intensivo e inductivo, fue realizado en 20 hogares para generar las hipótesis y experiencia metodológica necesarias para iniciar una encuesta mas amplia, deductiva, de prueba de hipótesis, sobre las necesidades nutricionales y estrategias de administración de alimentos de familias de bajos ingresos con ninos pequeños. Sobre la base de este estudio, se propuso un modelo y un conjunto de hipótesis sobre estrategias de administración de alimentos en el hogar. El modelo contiene las principales categorías conceptuales identificadas en este estudio, así como la dimensión, dentro de cada categoría, que resultó más importante para entender diferencias en las estrategias de administración de alimentos a nivel de los hogares. Las hipótesis se proponen por su potencial para influir en la planificación de programas para este grupo objetivo. Los métodos desarrollados son más apropiados para investigar la naturaleza de las estrategias de administración de alimentos que para evaluar la prevalencia de periodos de carencia de alimentos. Este estudio sugiere que una apreciación detallada del contexto del hogar es esencial tanto para los nutricionistas como para las propias familias, si se pretende mejorar la salud y nutrición de familias y niños de bajos ingresos. Los resultados de este estudio inductivo no pueden generalizarse pero se pretende que promuevan mayor investigación en este tópico, relevante para programas.

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