The toilet training success of parents after reading Toilet Training In Less Than A Day

doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(76)80274-2

Behavior Therapy

Volume 7, Issue 2, March 1976, Pages 185-191

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(76)80274-2 Get rights and content

Signs placed in various hospital clinics at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center sought parents who were interested in learning how to rapidly toilet train their own children, using Azrin & Foxx's Toilet Training In Less Than A Day. A series of three weekly classes was held for parents to teach them how to toilet train their children. Careful records of accidents during and after training were collected by calling the parents on the training day, every day for 2 weeks after the training day, and thereafter weekly for 8 weeks. The instructional techniques of the text on toilet training, written presentations, telephone calls, lectures with a question and answer period enabled 77% of the parents successfully to toilet train their children. These changes were maintained over a 2-month follow-up.

Reference notes (1)

ButlerJ.F.
The Treatment of Encopresis by Overcorrection
(1975)

Cited by (24)

Behavioral management of toilet training, enuresis, and encopresis
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A critique of the effectiveness of applied behavior analysis research
1982, Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy
Since its inception, applied behavior analysis has required that solutions to socially significant problems be effective, though criteria for this dimension have remained largely implicit. This paper reviews three explicit technique for determining the effectiveness of behavioral research: graphical, social validational, and cost analyses. The concept of effect size is introduced as an additional means of comparing the effectiveness of various treatment alternatives. Survey data are utilized to support a bothersome implication of this review, namely that the contingency to produce large effects placed on behavioral researchers may actually decrease the likelihood that a useful technology of application will be produced. Finally, strategies are offered for preserving the effectiveness of behavioral procedures when existing technologies are disseminated to settings of relevance.
External validity and single-case experimentation: Issues and limitations (A response to J. S. Birnbrauer)
1981, Analysis and Intervention In Developmental Disablities
External validity is a major issue for applied research because of the importance of identifying interventions that extend widely across subjects, settings, trainers and other conditions. Birnbrauer (1981) elaborated misconceptions surrounding external validity. The present paper reconsiders several points to convey that many problems of external validity (e.g., subject selection, relevance of subject variables, conditions in which research is conducted) are relevant to both single-case and between-group research. External validity of the findings from single-case experiments may not necessarily be less than findings from between-group research. However, a limitation of single-case research may be the capacity to investigate dimensions that contribute to and delimit generality. Basically, external validity raises questions about interactions of the intervention with other conditions. The special contribution of between-group research is the capacity to investigate the separate and combined effects of variables that may contribute to intervention effects. In the context of generality across subjects, the contribution of between-group research to the investigation of subject x treatment interactions may need to be more fully acknowledged in applied research.
Training severely and profoundly mentally handicapped nocturnal enuretics
1981, Behaviour Research and Therapy
The problem of nocturnal enuresis in the institutionalized mentally handicapped is a major one which reduces independence in many handicapped adults and has major implications for hospital resources. Much work, which has looked at initial success rates, relapse rates, and factors involved in these, has been carried out with non-handicapped populations. However, there have been remarkably few such studies with the mentally handicapped. A study is reported in which five severely and profoundly mentally handicapped adolescents or young adults were successfully trained over periods ranging from 18 to 92 weeks. Several interesting features of the data are discussed.
Overcorrection: A further evaluation of restitution and positive practice
1979, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
Foxx and Azrin's overcorrection technique employs two distinct procedures, restitution and positive practice, for treating inappropriate disruptive behaviors. While the efficacy of overcorrection when both procedures are used concurrently has been documented, little research has demonstrated the relative effectiveness of each procedure when used alone. The purpose of the present study was to compare restitution and positive practice in the treatment of 20 young children exhibiting highly resistant and disruptive behavior. Results indicated that both procedures rapidly eliminated the inappropriate behaviors. Mean decreases in inappropriate behaviors from baseline to follow-up were 89% for restitution and 84% for positive practice. It was demonstrated that each procedure was effective with numerous problem behaviors. Self-reports of children indicated that they preferred overcorrection compared to other forms of punishment.
Media-assisted parent training: Alternative models
1979, Behavior Therapy
The investigation assessed the relative effectiveness of five training models designed to teach the skills for administering time-out to children. Sixty parents were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups: no-treatment control, training via a written manual, training via a film, training via a film plus a brief individual checkout, individual training via modeling and rehearsal, and brief individual training via modeling and rehearsal. Outcome was assessed through a parent-attitude questionnaire and an in vivo demonstration in which each parent role played with a child actor. No differences among models were found in parents'-attitude responses. Measures of parents' actual skills attained showed all models were significantly better than no treatment. A film plus brief individual checkout was superior to all other models, followed by a film alone. The models using a written manual or individual modeling and rehearsal were all significantly less effective than the film plus checkout and equally effective to one another. Results suggest that training films may enhance parents' acquisition of operant conditioning skills and increase therapists' efficiency.

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^*: The voluntary fully informed consent of the subjects used in this research was obtained as required by AFR 619-8.

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The toilet training success of parents after reading Toilet Training In Less Than A Day*

The Treatment of Encopresis by Overcorrection

The toilet training success of parents after reading *Toilet Training In Less Than A Day**