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Gender Differences in the Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcomes of Ischemic Heart Failure

  • Prevention of Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction (M St. John Sutton, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Despite advances in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF) remains a frequent acute and long-term outcome of ischemic heart disease (IHD). In response to acute coronary ischemia, women are relatively protected from apoptosis, and experience less adverse cardiac remodeling than men, frequently resulting in preservation of left ventricular size and ejection fraction. Despite these advantages, women are at increased risk for HF- complicating acute MI when compared with men. However, women with HF retain a survival advantage over men with HF, including a decreased risk of sudden death. Sex-specific treatment of HF has been hindered by historical under-representation of women in clinical trials, though recent work has suggested that women may have a differential response to some therapies such as cardiac resynchronization. This review highlights the sex differences in the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and outcomes of ischemic heart failure and discusses key areas worthy of further investigation.

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Acknowledgement

We would like to thank David Cheney for creating the medical illustration used in the Figure.

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Shannon M. Dunlay & Véronique L. Roger

  2. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Véronique L. Roger

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Dunlay, S.M., Roger, V.L. Gender Differences in the Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Outcomes of Ischemic Heart Failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep 9, 267–276 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-012-0107-7

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