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Racial discrimination is associated with distressing subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms among US urban ethnic minority young adults

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Abstract

Background

Racial discrimination is related to depression, anxiety, and severe psychological distress, and evidence drawn from studies emanating from the United Kingdom and The Netherlands suggest racial discrimination is also related to clinical psychosis and subthreshold psychotic symptoms in racial and ethnic minority (REM) populations. The present study sought to determine the association between racial discrimination experiences and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (APPS) in a United States (US) urban, predominantly immigrant and REM young adult population.

Methods

A cohort of 650 young adults was administered a self-report inventory for psychosis risk [i.e., Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ)], and the Experiences of Discrimination Questionnaire. The PQ allowed the dimensional assessment of APPS, as well as the categorical assessment of a potentially “high risk” group (i.e., 8 or more APPS endorsed as distressing), the latter of which was based on previous validation studies using the structured interview for prodromal syndromes. The relations between self-reported racial discrimination and APPS, and racial discrimination and “high” distressing positive PQ endorsement were determined, while accounting for anxiety and depression symptoms.

Results

Racial discrimination was significantly associated with APPS and with significantly higher odds of endorsing eight or more distressing APPS, even after adjusting for anxiety and depression symptoms.

Conclusion

The present study provides preliminary evidence that racial discrimination among US ethnic minorities may be associated with APPS, as well as potentially higher risk for psychosis.

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Acknowledgments

Support for this project was provided by a grant from the New York State (NYS) Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence at the NYS Psychiatric Institute, NYS Office of Mental Health (Dr. Anglin). Results from this paper were presented at the poster session of the 103rd meeting for the American Psychopathological Association held from March 7th–9th, 2013 in New York, NY. The authors would also like to thank Kathleen Isaac, Rashun Miles, and Stephanie Magliore for their assistance with data collection.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states no conflicts of interest exist.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The City College and Graduate Center of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave North Academic Center 8/125, New York, NY, 10031, USA

    Deidre M. Anglin

  2. The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA

    Quenesha Lighty

  3. Antioch University Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

    Michelle Greenspoon

  4. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Lauren M. Ellman

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  1. Deidre M. Anglin
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Correspondence to Deidre M. Anglin.

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Anglin, D.M., Lighty, Q., Greenspoon, M. et al. Racial discrimination is associated with distressing subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms among US urban ethnic minority young adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 49, 1545–1555 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0870-8

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