Baseline clinical and imaging characteristics
| Baseline characteristics | No. (%) of patients* | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 152 | No cardiac enlargement n = 59 | Cardiac enlargement (any chamber) n = 93 | ||
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 52 ± 17 | 51 ± 17 | 53 ± 17 | 0.5 |
| Sex, male | 81 (53) | 27 (46) | 54 (58) | 0.2 |
| BSA, m2, mean ± SD | 1.87 ± 0.26 | 1.83 ± 0.20 | 1.90 ± 0.28 | 0.07 |
| Interval between CXR and MRI, d, mean ± SD | 5.1 ± 3.6 | 4.9 ± 3.3 | 5.3 ± 3.7 | 0.5 |
| Cardiac enlargement on MRI | ||||
| Any chamber enlargement | 93 (61) | – | 93 (100) | |
| Right atrial enlargement | 37 (24) | – | 37 (40) | |
| Left atrial enlargement | 60 (39) | – | 60 (65) | |
| Right ventricular enlargement | 25 (16) | – | 25 (27) | |
| Left ventricular enlargement | 40 (26) | – | 40 (43) | |
| CXR setting | 0.8 | |||
| Inpatient or emergency department | 129 (86) | 50 (85) | 79 (87) | |
| Outpatient | 21 (14) | 9 (15) | 12 (13) | |
| CXR technique | 0.2 | |||
| PA | 101 (66) | 43 (73) | 58 (62) | |
| AP | 51 (34) | 16 (27) | 35 (38) | |
| Rotation | 33 (22) | 12 (20) | 21 (23) | 0.8 |
| Limited inspiration | 66 (43) | 28 (47) | 38 (41) | 0.5 |
| CXR measurements, cm, mean ± SD | ||||
| Heart (maximum single measurement) | 16.1 ± 2.7 | 14.3 ± 2.1 | 17.2 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
| Heart (right plus left) | 16.1 ± 2.9 | 14.3 ± 2.1 | 17.2 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 |
| CTRs, mean ± SD | ||||
| Single heart measurement/maximum chest | 0.53 ± 0.08 | 0.48 ± 0.07 | 0.57 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 |
| Single heart measurement/chest at diaphragm | 0.56 ± 0.09 | 0.51 ± 0.08 | 0.59 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 |
| Single heart measurement/chest at mid heart | 0.57 ± 0.09 | 0.52 ± 0.08 | 0.60 ± 0.09 | < 0.001 |
| Right plus left heart/maximum chest | 0.54 ± 0.09 | 0.49 ± 0.07 | 0.57 ± 0.09 | < 0.001 |
| Right plus left heart/chest at diaphragm | 0.56 ± 0.10 | 0.51 ± 0.08 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 |
| Right plus left heart/chest at mid heart | 0.57 ± 0.10 | 0.52 ± 0.09 | 0.60 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 |
Note: AP = anteroposterior, BSA = body surface area, CTR = cardiothoracic ratio, CXR = chest radiography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, PA = posteroanterior.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.