Table 2:

Drug transfer, estimated drug clearance and clinical experience of monoclonal antibody biologics in pregnancy

Biologic	Drug transfer to fetus	Estimated drug clearance in the infant	Level of clinical experience^*	Reference
Infliximab	High	3–7 mo	++++	2^,15^,33^,36^,44
Adalimumab	Moderate	3–5 mo	++++	2^,15^,33^,44
Golimumab	Moderate	Unknown	+	38
Certolizumab pegol	Minimal (passive diffusion)	NA	+++	2^,15^,41^,42^,45^–47
Etanercept	Low	0–3 mo	+++	39^,40
Ustekinumab	Moderate	Unknown	+	15^,37^,38
Vedolizumab	Low-moderate	Likely < 3 mo	+	15^,38^,43^,44
Natalizumab	Low-moderate	Unknown	+	15^,38^,48^,49
Rituximab	Moderate-high	Unknown	+	50^,51
Belimumab	Unknown	Unknown	+	52

Note: NA = not applicable.
↵* We categorized the amount of clinical experience into 4 levels depending on size and quality of studies: + = least clinical experience (i.e., small case reports and case series only) to ++++ = largest clinical experience (i.e., large prospective cohort studies with > 1000 participants enrolled).