Proportion of participants with “at least some risk” at screening of progressing to kidney failure who received appropriate laboratory testing, disease-modifying medications and follow-up with primary care and nephrology physicians, stratified by dwelling location
| Characteristic | At least some risk of kidney failure at screening | Difference in % change (95% CI)† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural dwellers n = 280 | Remote dwellers n = 326 | ||||||
| % before screening | % after screening | % difference (95% CI)* | % before screening | % after screening | % difference (95% CI)* | ||
| Comprehensive testing (eGFR + UACR or UPCR testing) | 26.8 | 55.7 | 28.9 (21.1 to 36.7) | 68.7 | 75.5 | 6.8 (−0.1 to 13.6) | −22.2 (−32.5 to −11.8) |
| eGFR testing | 39.3 | 73.9 | 34.6 (27.0 to 42.3) | 86.5 | 89.0 | 2.5 (−2.6 to 7.5) | −32.2 (−41.1 to −23.2) |
| UACR or UPCR testing | 53.2 | 61.4 | 8.2 (0.05 to 16.4) | 68.7 | 76.4 | 7.7 (0.8 to 14.5) | 0.6 (−11.1 to 10.0) |
| HbA1c‡ | 78.5 | 84.9 | 6.3 (−1.1 to 13.8) | 91.6 | 93.2 | 1.6 (−3.1 to 6.3) | −4.7 (−13.2 to 3.8) |
| Disease-modifying medications | |||||||
| Statin | 50.4 | 51.8 | 1.4 (−6.9 to 9.7) | 52.3 | 57.7 | 5.5 (−2.1 to 13.2) | 4.1 (−7.2 to 15.3) |
| Antihyperglycemic medications‡ | 88.3 | 94.6 | 6.3 (1.0 to 11.7) | 92.4 | 95.2 | 2.8 (−1.4 to 7.1) | −4.5 (−10.3 to 3.2) |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB§ | 63.4 | 64.2 | 0.8 (−7.7 to 9.4) | 66.8 | 70.0 | 3.3 (−4.1 to 10.6) | 2.4 (−8.8 to 13.7) |
| Any other antihypertensive | 35.4 | 40.0 | 4.6 (−3.4 to 12.7) | 38.0 | 42.6 | 4.6 (−2.9 to 12.1) | 0.04 (−11.1 to 11.0) |
| Primary care visits | 96.4 | 96.8 | 0.4 (−2.6 to 3.4) | 92.3 | 91.1 | −1.2 (−5.5 to 3.0) | −1.7 (−2.2 to 5.5) |
| Nephrology visits | supp. | 4.6 | – | 3.4 | 11.7 | 8.3 (4.3 to 12.3) | – |
Note: ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker, CI = confidence interval, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, supp. = value suppressed owing to small cell size, UACR = urine albumin to creatinine ratio, UPCR = urine protein to creatinine ratio.
↵* The % difference was calculated as follows: (the % frequency in the postintervention period – the % frequency in the preintervention period).
↵† The difference in % change was calculated as follows: [(% frequency after screening in the remote dwellers – % frequency preceding screening in the remote dwellers) – (% frequency after screening in the rural dwellers – % frequency preceding screening in the rural dwellers)].
↵‡ For participants with diabetes or an HbA1c test result > 7.0 at time of screening or within the 18 months before screening.
↵§ Only in individuals with known diabetes, or a UACR test result ≥ 3 mg/mmol in the prescreening period or at time of screening.