Characteristics of retirement homes by status of outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection
| Measures | All homes | No. (%)* of homes with ≥ 1 outbreak† | Homes with no outbreaks | p value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) of homes | 770 (100) | 273 (35.5) | 497 (64.5) | |
| No. (%) of residents§ | 56 491 | 25 920 (45.9) | 30 571 (54.1) | |
| Mean no. of residents per facility§ | 73.4 | 94.9 | 61.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Mean no. of total staff per facility† | 48.1 | 66.2 | 38.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Facility characteristics | ||||
| Total resident capacity, n (%) | ||||
| < 45 | 149 (19.4) | 22 (8.1) | 127 (25.6) | < 0.0001 |
| 45–74 | 151 (19.6) | 32 (11.7) | 119 (23.9) | |
| 75–109 | 148 (19.2) | 57 (20.9) | 91 (18.3) | |
| 110–151 | 167 (21.7) | 74 (27.1) | 93 (18.7) | |
| ≥ 152 | 155 (20.1) | 88 (32.2) | 67 (13.5) | |
| Mean occupancy rate§ | 74.2 | 73.3 | 74.7 | 0.509 |
| Mean no. of suites | 84.3 | 111.0 | 69.6 | < 0.0001 |
| No. (%) co-located with a nursing home or long-term care facility | 101 (13.1) | 38 (13.9) | 63 (12.7) | 0.625 |
| Mean no. (%) of external care providers who enter facility daily,§ among those with a value | 5.15 | 5.88 | 4.69 | < 0.0001 |
| 0 | 113 (14.7) | 28 (10.3) | 85 (17.1) | < 0.0001 |
| ≥ 1, exact number unknown | 86 (11.2) | 35 (12.8) | 51 (10.3) | |
| 1 or 2 | 172 (22.3) | 50 (18.3) | 122 (24.6) | |
| 3–6 | 247 (32.1) | 96 (35.2) | 151 (30.4) | |
| ≥ 7 | 96 (12.5) | 51 (18.7) | 45 (9.1) | |
| Missing | 56 (7.3) | 13 (4.8) | 43 (8.7) | |
| No. (%) of active staff-to-resident ratio§ | ||||
| < 0.49 | 178 (23.1) | 52 (19.1) | 126 (25.4) | 0.0004 |
| 0.49–0.64 | 186 (24.2) | 59 (21.6) | 127 (25.6) | |
| 0.64–0.84 | 175 (22.7) | 65 (23.8) | 110 (22.1) | |
| > 0.84 | 166 (21.6) | 81 (29.7) | 85 (17.1) | |
| Missing | 65 (8.4) | 16 (5.9) | 49 (9.9) | |
| No. (%) of homes in chain | ||||
| Not a chain | 305 (39.6) | 76 (27.8) | 229 (46.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Small (2–5) | 87 (11.3) | 22 (8.1) | 65 (13.1) | |
| Medium (6–20) | 174 (22.6) | 72 (26.4) | 102 (20.5) | |
| Large (> 20) | 204 (26.5) | 103 (37.7) | 101 (20.3) | |
| No. (%) of available services¶ | ||||
| ≤ 6 | 165 (21.4) | 30 (11.0) | 135 (27.2) | < 0.0001 |
| 7 | 275 (35.7) | 91 (33.3) | 184 (37.0) | |
| 8 | 176 (22.9) | 64 (23.4) | 112 (22.5) | |
| ≥ 9 | 154 (20.0) | 88 (32.2) | 66 (13.3) | |
| Regional incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (per 1000 residents)**, n (%) | ||||
| Quintile 1 (0.567–1.552) | 57 (7.4) | 5 (1.8) | 52 (10.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Quintile 2 (1.553–3.364) | 90 (11.7) | 11 (4.0) | 79 (15.9) | |
| Quintile 3 (3.365–6.023) | 134 (17.4) | 29 (10.6) | 105 (21.1) | |
| Quintile 4 (6.024–9.554) | 178 (23.1) | 50 (18.3) | 128 (25.8) | |
| Quintile 5 (9.555–25.409) | 311 (40.4) | 178 (65.2) | 133 (26.8) | |
| Community population size, n (%) | ||||
| ≥ 500 000 | 349 (45.3) | 181 (66.3) | 168 (33.8) | < 0.0001 |
| 10 000–499 | 999 295 (38.3) | 73 (26.7) | 222 (44.7) | |
| < 10 000 | 126 (16.4) | 19 (7.0) | 107 (21.5) | |
| Median household income in dollars, n (%) | ||||
| Quintile 1 (14 777–51 925) | 181 (23.5) | 63 (23.1) | 118 (23.7) | 0.293 |
| Quintile 2 (52 267–68 032) | 183 (23.8) | 64 (23.4) | 119 (23.9) | |
| Quintile 3 (68 352–84 160) | 162 (21.0) | 52 (19.1) | 110 (22.1) | |
| Quintile 4 (84 352–103 424) | 149 (19.4) | 51 (18.7) | 98 (19.7) | |
| Quintile 5 (103 834–251 008) | 95 (12.3) | 43 (15.8) | 52 (10.5) | |
| Ethnic concentration‡, n (%) | ||||
| Quintile 1 (least concentrated) | 167 (21.7) | 26 (9.5) | 141 (28.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Quintile 2 | 200 (26.0) | 48 (17.6) | 152 (30.6) | |
| Quintile 3 | 166 (21.6) | 60 (22.0) | 106 (21.3) | |
| Quintile 4 | 145 (18.8) | 84 (30.8) | 61 (12.3) | |
| Quintile 5 (most concentrated) | 92 (12.0) | 55 (20.2) | 37 (7.4) | |
↵* Unless otherwise specified.
↵† Defined as ≥ 1 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection among resident or staff.
↵‡ Defined by the Ontario Marginalization Index as the proportion of residents who were not White or Indigenous and the proportion of immigrants who arrived in Canada within the past 5 years.
↵§ As of May 2020.
↵¶ See Appendix 1 for the full list of services, available at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.202756/tab-related-content.
↵** Mar. 1 to Dec. 18, 2020. Quintiles are based on the Dec. 18, 2020, distribution among 34 public health units.