Age-adjusted hazard ratios of mortality between men and women (reference), adjusting for smoking and cardiovascular disease
| Country | Model 1: adjusted for age | Model a: adjusted for age, smoking, CVD | Model b: adjusted for age, interaction between sex, smoking and CVD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No CVD, never smoker | No CVD, ever smoker | CVD, never smoker | CVD, ever smoker | |||
| Cuba | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) |
| Dominican Republic | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.7 (1.2–2.2) | 1.7 (0.9–3.0) | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) |
| Mexico | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) |
| Peru | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | 1.7 (0.5–5.8) | 2.1 (1.1–4.0) | 1.3 (0.3–4.7) |
| Puerto Rico | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) |
| United States | 1.4 (1.4–1.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
| Venezuela | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 3.7 (1.7–8.4) | 2.6 (1.3–5.2) |
| China | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) |
| Israel | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) |
| Japan | 2.4 (1.5–3.9) | 2.0 (1.1–3.6) | 3.0 (1.2–7.6) | 2.1 (0.6–6.8) | 1.8 (0.5–6.3) | 0.6 (0.2–2.2) |
| South Korea | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 2.0 (1.4–3.0) | 1.5 (0.6–3.8) |
| Austria | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) |
| Belgium | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) | 2.1 (1.2–3.9) | 1.9 (1.0–3.5) |
| Czech Republic | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 2.0 (1.4–2.9) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 2.0 (1.1–3.7) |
| Denmark | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 2.4 (1.1–5.2) | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) |
| Estonia | 2.3 (1.8–2.9) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 2.1 (1.2–3.5) | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | 2.0 (1.0–3.7) |
| France | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) | 2.0 (1.3–3.2) | 1.5 (0.8–3.1) |
| Germany | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 1.5 (0.6–4.0) |
| Greece | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 2.0 (1.3–3.1) | 2.9 (1.2–6.8) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 2.8 (0.9–9.1) |
| Italy | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 0.5 (0.2–1.0) | 1.6 (0.8–3.1) |
| Netherlands | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | 2.3 (1.4–3.7) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 2.1 (0.9–4.7) | 1.9 (0.9–4.0) |
| Poland | 2.1 (1.7–2.4) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 2.0 (1.5–2.7) | 1.3 (0.8–2.3) | 2.2 (1.4–3.4) |
| Slovenia | 2.3 (1.3–4.1) | 2.0 (1.1–3.6) | 1.9 (0.8–4.7) | 3.3 (0.8–14.6) | 2.1 (0.6–7.1) | 0.4 (0.1–2.3) |
| Spain | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 2.3 (1.4–3.6) | 2.2 (1.4–3.3) | 1.5 (0.7–3.2) |
| Sweden | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) |
| Switzerland | 2.1 (1.5–3.0) | 2.2 (1.5–3.2) | 2.0 (1.2–3.5) | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 2.1 (0.6–7.4) | 6.4 (0.9–48.5) |
| United Kingdom | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| Australia | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) |
| Pooled estimate | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) | 1.4 (1.4–1.5) | 1.3 (1.3–1.4) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) |
| I2 | 71.5 | 62.4 | 26.7 | 41.2 | 42.8 | 44.4 |
Note: CVD = cardiovascular disease.