Table 3

Mean number of primary care visits, Mar. 12 to July 29, 2019 (pre–COVID-19) and Mar. 11 to July 28, 2020 (COVID-19), by visit location and patient characteristics

Variable	No. office visits per 1000 people/d^*			No. home visits per 1000 people/d^†				No. virtual visits per 1000 people/d^*

	Pre-COVID-19	COVID-19	Change, %	Pre-COVID-19	COVID-19	Change, %	p value	Pre-COVID-19	COVID-19	Change, %
Total	7.53	1.57	−79.1	0.05	0.02	−60.4		0.07	3.92	5608.4

Sex

Female	8.59	1.75	−79.6	0.07	0.03	−61.3		0.08	4.66	5923.1

Male	6.44	1.39	−78.4	0.04	0.02	−59.0		0.06	3.15	5189.9

Age, yr

≤ 18	5.05	1.07	−78.8	0.02	0.00	−92.7		0.05	1.46	3054.0

19–29	6.22	1.33	−78.7	0.01	0.00	−81.9	0.002	0.09	3.10	3195.2

30–44	6.97	1.45	−79.2	0.01	0.00	−84.0		0.08	3.74	4613.9

45–64	8.30	1.71	−79.4	0.02	0.01	−65.4		0.07	4.70	6570.6

65–74	10.37	2.09	−79.8	0.07	0.03	−51.5		0.06	5.87	9026.1

≥ 75	11.51	2.47	−78.5	0.42	0.19	−54.5		0.05	7.04	13 554.0

Neighbourhood income quintile

Q1 (lowest)	7.66	1.73	−77.5	0.06	0.03	−56.4		0.08	3.90	4585.4

Q2	7.78	1.61	−79.3	0.06	0.02	−60.8		0.07	4.01	5466.1

Q3	7.78	1.54	−80.3	0.05	0.02	−60.2		0.07	3.98	6010.6

Q4	7.48	1.40	−81.2	0.05	0.02	−62.2		0.07	3.81	5580.5

Q5 (highest)	6.95	1.24	−82.2	0.05	0.02	−63.8		0.06	3.64	6427.2

Recent registrant < 10 yr

No	7.64	1.56	−79.6	0.06	0.03	−57.0		0.07	4.23	5881.6

Yes	8.15	1.66	−79.6	0.02	0.00	−71.7	0.004	0.06	3.82	6031.4

Model of primary care

Capitation	7.30	1.31	−82.1	0.05	0.02	−55.2		0.05	3.64	6645.1

Enhanced fee-for-service	10.85	2.44	−77.5	0.07	0.03	−61.7		0.08	6.01	7386.7

Family Health Team	5.48	0.90	−83.7	0.04	0.02	−57.4		0.06	2.85	4334.6

Not in at patient enrolment model	6.56	1.61	−75.4	0.08	0.02	−68.2		0.12	2.85	2310.1

Not attributable to a primary care physician	0.90	0.31	−65.2	0.01	0.00	−67.8	0.018	0.03	0.53	1586.9

Rurality

Large urban	8.07	1.64	−79.7	0.06	0.03	−57.0		0.04	4.22	9320.2

Urban	8.80	1.71	−80.6	0.05	0.02	−70.8		0.05	4.41	8183.7

Small urban	5.87	1.15	−80.4	0.05	0.02	−51.9		0.14	2.99	2042.6

Rural	3.96	1.70	−57.2	0.05	0.02	−58.0	< 0.001	0.08	2.64	3146.3

Johns Hopkins resource utilization bands

0 (lowest user)	1.05	0.18	−82.5	0.00	0.00	−64.2	0.434	0.02	0.29	1201.4

1	2.88	0.46	−84.1	0.00	0.00	−82.3	0.118	0.04	0.87	1878.6

2	4.26	0.72	−83.2	0.01	0.00	−81.5	< 0.001	0.05	1.59	3014.8

3	8.73	1.77	−79.7	0.03	0.01	−68.6		0.08	4.46	5701.6

4	13.17	3.17	−76.0	0.10	0.04	−60.2		0.10	7.73	7697.4

5 (highest user)	15.57	3.75	−75.9	0.53	0.25	−53.8		0.12	10.87	9138.2

Variable	No. overall visits per 1000 people/d^†				% virtual

	Pre-COVID-19	COVID-19	Change, %	p value	COVID-19
Total	7.66	5.51	−28.0		71.1

Sex

Female	8.73	6.43	−26.3		72.4

Male	6.54	4.56	−30.3		69.1

Age, yr

≤ 18	5.12	2.53	−50.5		57.6

19–29	6.32	4.43	−30.0		70.0

30–44	7.06	5.19	−26.5		72.0

45–64	8.40	6.42	−23.5		73.2

65–74	10.51	8.00	−23.9		73.4

≥ 75	11.99	9.70	−19.1		72.5

Neighbourhood income quintile

Q1 (lowest)	7.80	5.65	−27.6		69.0

Q2	7.91	5.65	−28.6		71.1

Q3	7.89	5.53	−29.9		71.9

Q4	7.59	5.23	−31.1		72.8

Q5 (highest)	7.05	4.90	−30.6		74.3

Recent registrant < 10 yr

No	7.77	5.82	−25.1		72.8

Yes	8.23	5.48	−33.4		69.6

Model of primary care

Capitation	7.40	4.96	−32.9		73.3

Enhanced fee for-service	11.00	8.47	−23.0		70.9

Family Health Team	5.59	3.77	−32.6		75.7

Not in at patient enrolment model	6.76	4.49	−33.6		63.4

Not attributable to a primary care physician	0.94	0.85	−10.2	0.013	62.5

Rurality

Large urban	8.17	5.88	−28.0		71.7

Urban	8.91	6.14	−31.1		71.9

Small urban	6.05	4.16	−31.2		71.9

Rural	4.10	4.36	6.4	0.002	60.6

Johns Hopkins resource utilization bands

0 (lowest user)	1.08	0.48	−55.7		61.2

1	2.93	1.32	−54.8		65.4

2	4.32	2.31	−46.5		69.0

3	8.84	6.24	−29.4		71.5

4	13.37	10.94	−18.2		70.7

5 (highest user)	16.22	14.87	−8.3		73.1

Note: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.
↵* All p values for visit types are < 0.0001.
↵† p values are < 0.0001 unless indicated otherwise. The p value compares the number of daily visits per 1000 people in the pre-COVID-19 versus COVID-19 periods.