Table 1:

Prioritizing nonpharmacologic interventions according to short-run economic impact, social impact and effect on viral transmission

		Social impact

		Low		Medium		High

		Large R_t, effect	Small R_t, effect	Large R_t, effect	Small R_t, effect	Large R_t, effect	Small R_t,effect
Short-run economic impact	Low	Nonessential border restrictions Enhance detection/surveillance systems Universal mask mandates	Requests to follow public health guidelines by leaders Temperature and symptom checks (airport, workplace)	Small indoor gathering cancellation	Small outdoor gathering cancellation Restaurant/bar crowding restrictions or reduced hours	Gym (high occupancy) closures Indoor team sport/dance restrictions	Gym (low occupancy) closures Outdoor team sport/dance restrictions

	Medium	Mass gathering cancellation Government assistance to vulnerable populations for isolation support and pay	Nonessential business crowding restrictions	Restaurant/bar closures Guaranteed quarantining (e.g., quarantine hotels, daily in-person checks, etc.)	Quarantine on entry to country/region	Nonessential regional travel restrictions High school and postsecondary school closures	Daycare closures Primary school closures

	High	Essential border restrictions		Nonessential high-density retail closure Nonessential manufacturing closures	Nonessential low-density retail closures Nonessential low-density manufacturing closures	Essential high-density retail closures Essential high-density manufacturing closures	Essential low-density retail closures Essential low-density manufacturing closures Public transit closures

Note: We used a qualitative approach to categorization.7,8
The intent of the table is to identify relative priorities, with the effectiveness of any nonpharmacologic interventions and the magnitude of their economic and social impact being dependent on local contexts. Interventions in green should be introduced earlier; those in grey should be used when aggressive and rapid reductions in case numbers are required.