Sensitivity analyses testing for associations between maternal diabetes exposure and cardiovascular disease in offspring, with additional adjustment for confounding
| End point or risk factor | Exposure; adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal gestational diabetes v. no diabetes exposure | Maternal type 2 diabetes v. no diabetes exposure | |
| Single births, fully adjusted* | ||
| CVD end points | 1.38 (1.00–1.91) | 1.68 (1.02–2.76) |
| CVD risk factors | 1.58 (1.37–1.83) | 3.44 (2.89–4.11) |
| Propensity score–matched cohort, fully adjusted* + hospital of birth | ||
| CVD end points | 1.42 (1.20–1.79) | 1.39 (0.97–1.98) |
| CVD risk factors | 1.90 (1.73–2.08) | 3.28 (2.90–3.71) |
| Marginal Cox model,† fully adjusted* + hospital of birth | ||
| CVD end points | 1.42 (1.12–1.80) | 1.39 (0.96–1.99) |
| CVD risk factors | 1.90 (1.72–2.09) | 3.28 (2.87–3.75) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, CVD = cardiovascular disease, HR = hazard ratio.
↵* “Fully adjusted” means adjusted for the following factors: maternal age at offspring birth; Socioeconomic Factor Index, version 2; rural residence; birth weight; small for gestational age; large for gestational age; and preterm birth.
↵† Marginal Cox modelling accounts for intrafamily clustering.