Management in the ICU and clinical outcomes in 117 critically ill patients with COVID-19
| Variable | No. (%) of patients* |
|---|---|
| ICU therapy | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 74 (63.2) |
| Vasopressors | 65 (55.6) |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 50 (42.7) |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 43 (36.8) |
| Prone ventilation | 21 (17.9) |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy | 16 (13.7) |
| Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation | 15 (12.8) |
| Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators | 8 (6.8) |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 3 (2.6) |
| Mechanical ventilation parameters 24 h after initiation, median (IQR)† | |
| Plateau pressure, cm H2O | 22 (20–24) |
| Positive end-expiratory pressure, cm H2O | 12 (10–14) |
| FiO2, % | 50 (40–60) |
| PaO2:FiO2 | 180 (148–216) |
| Tidal volume, mL/kg | 400 (350–450) |
| Compliance, mL × cm H2O−1 | 35 (31–44) |
| Pharmacologic therapy | |
| Steroids | 28 (23.9) |
| Tocilizumab | 4 (3.4) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 1 (0.9) |
| Remdesivir | 0 (0.0) |
| Outcome | |
| Died in ICU | 18 (15.4) |
| Still in ICU | 12 (10.3) |
| Still in hospital (non-ICU) | 16 (13.7) |
| Discharged from hospital | 71 (60.7) |
| Reintubation within 48 h | 10 (8.5) |
| Readmission to ICU within 72 h | 6 (5.1) |
| ICU length of stay, d, median (IQR) | |
| Overall | 9 (5–21) |
| Patients discharged from ICU, n = 87 | 7 (3–16) |
| Patients discharged from hospital, n = 71 | 6 (3–11) |
| Deaths | 12 (7–18) |
| Hospital length of stay, d, median (IQR) | |
| Overall | 18 (11–30) |
| Patients discharged from ICU, n = 87 | 18 (10–32) |
| Patients discharged from hospital, n = 71 | 15 (8–22) |
| Deaths | 13 (8–18) |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation, d, median (IQR) | |
| Overall, n = 74 | 13.5 (8–22) |
| Extubated, n = 50 | 11.5 (6–18) |
| Patients discharged from ICU, n = 47 | 11 (6–16) |
| Patients discharged from hospital, n = 34 | 8 (5–13) |
| Deaths, n = 15 | 13 (10–20) |
Note: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, FiO2 = fraction of inspired oxygen, ICU = intensive care unit, IQR = interquartile range, PaO2 = partial pressure of oxygen.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† Complete mechanical ventilation parameters 24 hours after initiation were available for 48 (64.9%) of 74 patients who underwent mechanical ventilation.