Characteristics of patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and control patients
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* | Crude OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control patients n = 134 | SARS-CoV-2-positive patients n = 134 | ||
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 57.2 (42.6–64.4) | 57.1 (41.2–64.5) | – |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 81 (60.4) | 70 (52.2) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
| Male | 53 (39.6) | 64 (47.8) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never smoked | 75 (56.0) | 75 (56.0) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
| Past smoker | 46 (34.3) | 44 (32.8) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) |
| Active smoker | 13 (9.7) | 15 (11.2) | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) |
| Seasonal allergies | 20 (14.9) | 16 (11.9) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) |
| Allergy to furry animals | 17(12.7) | 12 (9.0) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) |
| Year-round nasal congestion | 14 (10.4) | 18 (13.4) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) |
| Year-round nasal drip | 16 (11.9) | 15 (11.2) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) |
| Long-term use of nasal corticosteroid sprays | |||
| No | 122 (91.0) | 124 (92.5) | 1.0 (Ref.) |
| Occasionally | 6 (4.5) | 3 (2.2) | 0.5 (0.1–2..0) |
| Continuous use | 6 (4.5) | 7 (5.2) | 1.2 (0.4–3.5) |
| Signs and symptoms (within 72 h before or after SARS-CoV-2 testing) | |||
| Anosmia | 6 (4.5) | 69 (51.5) | 32.5 (8.0–132.7) |
| Dysgeusia | 9 (6.7) | 85 (63.4) | 16.2 (6.6–40.0) |
| Anosmia and/or dysgeusia | 11 (8.2) | 87 (64.9) | 20.0 (7.3–54.6) |
| Asthenia | 58 (43.3) | 104 (77.6) | 3.9 (2.2–6.7) |
| Myalgia | 29 (21.6) | 76 (56.7) | 4.9 (2.6–9.2) |
| Arthralgia | 19 (14.2) | 37 (27.6) | 2.2 (1.2–4.1) |
| Chest pain | 30 (22.4) | 35 (26.1) | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) |
| Dyspnea | 49 (36.6) | 56 (41.8) | 1.2 (0.8–2.0) |
| Chills | 32 (23.9) | 71 (53.0) | 2.7 (1.7–4.7) |
| Fever (subjective) | 35 (26.1) | 46 (34.3) | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) |
| Fever (objective) | 20 (14.9) | 50 (37.3) | 2.9 (1.6–5.1) |
| Nasal congestion | 56 (41.8) | 58 (43.3) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) |
| Nasal drip | 73 (54.5) | 60 (44.8) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) |
| Sneezing | 58 (43.3) | 53 (39.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) |
| Sore throat | 72 (53.7) | 60 (44.8) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) |
| Cough | 96 (71.6) | 97 (72.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) |
| Sputum production | 43 (32.1) | 40 (29.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) |
| Loss of appetite | 26 (19.4) | 75 (56.0) | 4.1 (2.4–7.0) |
| Nausea | 17 (12.7) | 40 (29.8) | 2.9 (1.5–5.6) |
| Vomiting | 5 (3.7) | 9 (6.7) | 1.8 (0.6–5.4) |
| Diarrhea | 31 (23.1) | 60 (44.8) | 2.7 (1.6–4.7) |
| Headaches | 62 (46.3) | 87 (64.9) | 2.9 (1.3–3.4) |
| Red eyes | 3 (2.2) | 1 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.0–3.2) |
| Rash | 6 (4.5) | 8 (6.0) | 1.4 (0.4–4.4) |
| Vertigo or dizziness | 14 (10.4) | 27 (20.1) | 2.3 (1.1–4.8) |
| Blurred vision | 9 (6.7) | 6 (4.5) | 0.7 (0.2–1.9) |
| Loss of temperature sensation in face | 1 (0.7) | 5 (3.7) | 5.0 (0.6–42.9) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, IQR = interquartile range, OR = odds ratio, Ref. = reference, SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
↵* Except where noted otherwise.