End-of-life care delivered to people of Chinese ethnicity compared with that delivered to others from the general population in Ontario, Canada, between 2004 and 2015
| Characteristic | No. (%) of decedents | Unadjusted absolute difference, % (95% CI) | Adjusted relative risk (95% CI)* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General population n = 936 974 | Chinese ethnicity n = 18 959 | |||
| Location of death | ||||
| ICU | 95 100 (10.1) | 2578 (13.6) | 3.4 (3.0 to 3.9) | 1.21 (1.15 to 1.27) |
| Hospital | 323 279 (34.5) | 7773 (41.0) | 6.5 (5.8 to 7.2) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) |
| Long-term care | 75 058 (8.0) | 1628 (8.6) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.0) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) |
| Home | 381 545 (40.7) | 5805 (30.6) | −10.1 (−10.8 to −9.4) | 0.83 (0.80 to 0.87) |
| Other† | 61 992 (6.6) | 1175 (6.2) | −0.4 (−0.8 to −0.1) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.11) |
| Interventions received in final 6 months of life | ||||
| Hospital admission | 638 684 (68.2) | 14 271 (75.3) | 7.1 (6.5 to 7.7) | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.06) |
| ICU admission | 181 002 (19.3) | 4017 (21.2) | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.5) | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.09) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 129 205 (13.8) | 3450 (18.2) | 4.4 (3.9 to 5.0) | 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20) |
| Dialysis | 32 596 (3.5) | 851 (4.5) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 1.18 (1.09 to 1.27) |
| Percutaneous feeding tube | 28 366 (3.0) | 975 (5.1) | 2.1 (1.8 to 2.4) | 1.27 (1.19 to 1.36) |
| Tracheostomy | 10 465 (1.1) | 318 (1.7) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.7) | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.28) |
| CPR | 23 459 (2.5) | 733 (3.9) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.6) | 1.17 (1.07 to 1.27) |
| Palliative care | 279 619 (29.8) | 6895 (36.4) | 6.5 (5.8 to 7.2) | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.09) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ICU = intensive care unit.
↵* Calculated from a modified Poisson regression model with generalized estimating equations. The model adjusted for age, sex, category of cause of death, immigration status, urbanization of address and income quintile.
↵† Other locations of death include complex continuing care and hospice.