Table 2:

Outcomes of very preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Canada, 2004–2017

Outcome	No. (%) of infants			p value for epochs^†	p value for linear trend^‡

	Epoch 1 (2004–2008) n = 15 060^*	Epoch 2 (2009–2012) n = 15 692^*	Epoch 3 (2013–2017) n = 20 079^*
Survival without major morbidity	9035 (60.0)	10 063 (64.1)	13 886 (69.2)	< 0.001	< 0.001

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia	n = 14 129	n = 14 721	n = 18 954	< 0.001	< 0.001
	2937 (20.8)	2665 (18.1)	2862 (15.1)

Severe neurologic injury	n = 11 593	n = 12 775	n = 16 531	< 0.001	< 0.001
	1531 (13.2)	1559 (12.2)	1804 (10.9)

Necrotizing enterocolitis	n = 14 920	n = 15 634	n = 20 067	0.001	< 0.001
	716 (4.8)	728 (4.7)	805 (4.0)

Severe retinopathy of prematurity	n = 6605	n = 6464	n = 8533	< 0.001	< 0.001
	760 (11.5)	641 (9.9)	793 (9.3)

Early-onset sepsis	202 (1.3)	218 (1.4)	342 (1.7)	0.007	< 0.001

Late-onset sepsis	2616 (17.4)	2248 (14.3)	2212 (11.0)	< 0.001	< 0.001

Survival	14 027 (93.1)	14 629 (93.2)	18 866 (94.0)	0.002	0.001

↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† The p value for differences between the 3 epochs were obtained using the χ² test.
↵‡ The p value for linear trend was for 2004–2017. Significance was assessed using the Wald χ² test from logistic regression models using 1-year periods as an independent continuous variable.