Mediation analysis* of the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and temporomandibular disorder
| Mediator | No. (%) of participants with TMD (cases) n = 1522 | No. (%) of participants without TMD (controls) n = 1522 | Indirect effect (95% CI) | Direct effect (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Somatization | 549 (36.1) | 301 (19.8) | 0.13 (0.07 to 0.20) | 0.79 (0.44 to 1.13) | 0.059 (0.045 to 0.072) |
| Anxiety | 135 (8.9) | 80 (5.3) | 0.10 (0.06 to 0.17) | 0.81 (0.46 to 1.15) | 0.052 (0.031 to 0.073) |
| Depression | 217 (14.3) | 188 (12.4) | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.08) | 0.86 (0.52 to 1.21) | 0.014 (−0.003 to 0.031) |
| Undermined sleep | 663 (43.6) | 535 (35.2) | 0.09 (0.05 to 0.15) | 0.81 (0.47 to 1.16) | 0.047 (0.025 to 0.070) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, TMD = temporomandibular disorder.
↵* Adjusted for age, sex, residence, body mass index, education, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, tea consumption, coffee consumption, teeth clenching or grinding during sleep and teeth clenching or grinding during waking hours.