Rate ratios from modified Poisson models for first contact emergency department mental health visits, full cohort, 2010–2014 (n = 118 851)
| Covariate | Rate ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted rate ratio* (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Immigration category (ref = non-immigrant) | ||
| Non-refugee immigrant | 1.12 (1.10–1.15) | 1.10 (1.08–1.13) |
| Refugee immigrant | 1.19 (1.15–1.24) | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) |
| Age, yr (ref = 22–24 yr) | ||
| 10–13 | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) |
| 14–17 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 1.09 (1.08–1.11) |
| 18–21 | 1.09 (1.07–1.11) | 1.09 (1.08–1.11) |
| Sex (ref = female) | ||
| Male | 1.10 (1.08–1.11) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) |
| Rural residence (ref = urban) | ||
| Rural | 1.18 (1.16–1.20) | 1.17 (1.15–1.19) |
| Income quintile (ref = 5, high) | ||
| 1 (low) | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) |
| 2 | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) |
| 3 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) |
| 4 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| Specialty of UPC (reference = GP or FP model) | ||
| GP or FP fee-for-service | 1.12 (1.10–1.14) | 1.12 (1.09–1.14) |
| Pediatrician | 0.83 (0.80–0.86) | 0.84 (0.81–0.87) |
| None | 1.91 (1.89–1.92) | 1.80 (1.79–1.82) |
| High-acuity ED visits in prior 2 years, visits (reference = none [0 visits]) | ||
| High (≥ 3) | 0.73 (0.71–0.74) | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) |
| Moderate (2) | 0.81 (0.79–0.83) | 0.84 (0.82–0.86) |
| Low (1) | 0.87 (0.86–0.88) | 0.89 (0.87–0.90) |
| Low-acuity ED visits in prior 2 years, visits (reference = none [0 visits]) | ||
| High (≥ 3) | 0.91 (0.89–0.93) | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) |
| Moderate (2) | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
| Low (1) | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) |
| Visit time (reference = day: weekdays 8:01–16:00) | ||
| Evening or after hours (16:01–24:00 weekdays, 08:01–16:00 weekends) | 1.07 (1.05–1.08) | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) |
| Night (00:01–8:00 weekdays, 16:01–8:00 weekends) | 1.32 (1.30–1.34) | 1.30 (1.28–1.32) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, ED = emergency department, FP = family practitioner, GP = general practitioner, UPC = usual provider of care.
↵* Adjusted for all predictors of interest except mental health diagnosis and immigrant-specific predictors.