Box 1: Hemodynamic pressures on left and right heart catheterization
Pressure, mm Hg
AnatomySystolicDiastolicEnd-diastolicMean
Right atrium9* (−1 to 8)
Right ventricle32 (15 to 28)12 (0 to 8)
Pulmonary artery22 (15 to 28)9 (5 to 16)15 (10 to 22)
Pulmonary capillary wedge11 (6 to 15)
Left atrium10 (4 to 12)
Left ventricle128 (90 to 140)11 (4 to 12)
  • Note: Normal ranges are provided in parentheses for reference.

  • * Right atrial pressure is minimally above normal, but remains lower than left atrial pressure.