Crude proportions and adjusted relative risk of diabetic ketoacidosis at diabetes diagnosis
| Covariable | No. (%) of patients with DKA, by characteristic | Adjusted RR (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|
| Usual provider of care† | ||
| Age 1–4 yr | 190/666 (28.5) | |
| None | 33/114 (29.0) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Family physician | 99/337 (29.4) | 1.01 (0.73–1.41) |
| Pediatrician | 58/215 (27.0) | 0.93 (0.65–1.34) |
| Age 5–11 yr | 449/1403 (32.0) | |
| None | 206/589 (35.0) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Family physician | 147/505 (29.1) | 0.84 (0.71–1.00) |
| Pediatrician | 96/309 (31.1) | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) |
| Age 12–17 yr | 357/1635 (21.8) | |
| None | 215/824 (26.1) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Family physician | 107/595 (18.0) | 0.69 (0.56–0.85) |
| Pediatrician | 35/216 (16.2) | 0.62 (0.45–0.86) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 464/1760 (26.4) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Male | 532/1944 (27.4) | 1.02 (0.92–1.14) |
| Socioeconomic status‡ | ||
| Least deprived | 390/1544 (25.3) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Moderately deprived | 198/729 (27.2) | 1.10 (0.95–1.27) |
| Most deprived | 376/1316 (28.6) | 1.14 (1.01–1.28) |
| Rurality | ||
| Urban (population > 100 000) | 651/2438 (26.7) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Small cities (population 10 000–100 000) | 149/477 (31.2) | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) |
| Rural (population < 10 000) | 191/775 (24.6) | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis, ref = reference value, RR = relative risk.
↵* Adjusted for usual provider of care, age group, usual provider of care × age group (interaction term), sex, socioeconomic status and rurality.
↵† Results for the interaction term presented in this table show the effect of usual provider of care × age. For example, among those 12–17 years old, having a family physician or pediatrician reduced the risk of DKA. The interaction terms for the effect of usual provider of care × age are provided in Appendix 2 (available at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.170676/-/DC1).
↵‡ Social and material deprivation.